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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
agricultural and biological sciences
Early evolutionary history of the flowering plant family Annonaceae: Steady diversification and boreotropical geodispersal
Journal of Biogeography, Volume 38, No. 4, Year 2011
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Description
Aim Rain forest-restricted plant families show disjunct distributions between the three major tropical regions: South America, Africa and Asia. Explaining these disjunctions has become an important challenge in biogeography. The pantropical plant family Annonaceae is used to test hypotheses that might explain diversification and distribution patterns in tropical biota: the museum hypothesis (low extinction leading to steady accumulation of species); and dispersal between Africa and Asia via Indian rafting versus boreotropical geodispersal. Location Tropics and boreotropics. Methods Molecular age estimates were calculated using a Bayesian approach based on 83% generic sampling representing all major lineages within the family, seven chloroplast markers and two fossil calibrations. An analysis of diversification was carried out, which included lineage-through-time (LTT) plots and the calculation of diversification rates for genera and major clades. Ancestral areas were reconstructed using a maximum likelihood approach that implements the dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis model. Results The LTT plots indicated a constant overall rate of diversification with low extinction rates for the family during the first 80Ma of its existence. The highest diversification rates were inferred for several young genera such as Desmopsis, Uvariopsis and Unonopsis. A boreotropical migration route was supported over Indian rafting as the best fitting hypothesis to explain present-day distribution patterns within the family. Main conclusions Early diversification within Annonaceae fits the hypothesis of a museum model of tropical diversification, with an overall steady increase in lineages possibly due to low extinction rates. The present-day distribution of species within the two largest clades of Annonaceae is the result of two contrasting biogeographic histories. The 'long-branch clade' has been diversifying since the beginning of the Cenozoic and underwent numerous geodispersals via the boreotropics and several more recent long-distance dispersal events. In contrast, the 'short-branch clade' dispersed once into Asia via the boreotropics during the Early Miocene and further dispersal was limited. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Couvreur, Thomas L.P.
United States, New York
New York Botanical Garden
Pirie, Michael David
South Africa, Stellenbosch
Stellenbosch University
Chatrou, Lars Willem
Netherlands, Leiden
National Herbarium of the Netherlands - Nhn
Saunders, Richard M.K.
Hong Kong, Hong Kong
The University of Hong Kong
Su, Yvonne C.F.
Hong Kong, Hong Kong
The University of Hong Kong
Richardson, James Edward
United Kingdom, Edinburgh
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Colombia, Bogota
Universidad de Los Andes, Colombia
Erkens, Roy Hubertus Johannes
Netherlands, Utrecht
Universiteit Utrecht
Statistics
Citations: 198
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 7
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02434.x
e-ISSN:
13652699