Presentation, management and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome: A registry study from Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is understudied in sub-Saharan Africa despite its increasing disease burden. We sought to create an ACS registry at Kenyatta National Hospital to evaluate the presentation, management and outcomes of ACS patients. Methods: From November 2016 to April 2017, we conducted a retrospective review of ACS cases managed at Kenyatta National Hospital between 2013 and 2016, with a primary discharge diagnosis of ACS, based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 coding (I20-I24). We compared the presentation, management and outcomes by ACS subtype using analysis of variance testing. We created multivariable logistic regression models using the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score to evaluate the association between clinical variables, including guideline-directed medical therapy and in-hospital outcomes. Results: Among 196 ACS admissions, the majority (65%) was male, and the median age was 58 years. Most (57%) ACS admissions were for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In-hospital dual antiplatelet (> 85%), beta-blockade (72%) and anticoagulant (72%) therapy was common. A minority (33%) of patients with STEMI was eligible for reperfusion therapy but only 5% received reperfusion. In-hospital mortality rate was 17%, and highest among individuals presenting with STEMI (21%). After multivariable adjustment, higher serum creatinine level was associated with higher odds of in-hospital death (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.21-2.78), and STEMI and Killip class > 1 were associated with in-hospital composite of death, re-infarction, stroke, major bleeding or cardiac arrest (STEMI: OR = 8.70, 95% CI: 2.52-29.93; Killip > 1: OR = 10.7, 95% CI: 3.34-34.6). Conclusions: We describe the largest ACS registry at Kenyatta National Hospital to date and identify potential areas for improved ACS care related to diagnostics and management to optimise in-hospital outcomes.