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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
immunology and microbiology
Standardised tests in mice and cattle for the detection of drug resistance in tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes of African domestic cattle
Veterinary Parasitology, Volume 97, No. 3, Year 2001
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Description
Resistance to the drugs used to control African animal trypanosomosis is increasingly recognised as a constraint to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. The most commonly used tests for detection of trypanocidal drug resistance are tests using mice or ruminants, but these suffer from lack of standardisation and hence it may be difficult to compare the results of different investigators. Tests in mice are less expensive than tests in ruminants, but while tests in mice they may be useful as a general guide to resistance in a geographic area they should not be extrapolated to cattle on an individual trypanosome level. Moreover, the commonly used protocols are too laborious for their application to large number of trypanosome isolates on an area-wide basis. This paper presents guidelines for standardised testing of trypanocidal drugs in vivo, and introduces a simplified single-dose test for use in mice, which is convenient for use in areas with limited laboratory facilities. The single-dose test is appropriate for characterisation of geographic areas in terms of trypanocidal drug resistance using large numbers of trypanosome isolates, for making comparisons between areas, and for monitoring changes in trypanocidal drug resistance over time. Multiple-dose tests may be used to determine the degree of resistance of individual stabilates to be determined precisely in mice are also described, but for logistical reasons these will rarely be conducted on more than a few stabilates, and testing of a larger number of stabilates in the single-dose test will generally provide more useful information. Finally, we describe tests in cattle that may be used to determine the efficacy of recommended curative doses of trypanocidal drugs for the treatment of infection with individual trypanosome isolates, including Trypanosoma vivax, which is rarely infective for mice. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
Authors & Co-Authors
Eisler, Mark Charles
United Kingdom, Glasgow
University of Glasgow
Brandt, Jozef R.A.
Belgium, Antwerpen
Prins Leopold Instituut Voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Bauer, Burkhard
Kenya, Nairobi
Organization of African Unity - Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources
Clausen, Peter Henning
Germany, Berlin
Inst. Parasitol. and Trop. Vet. Med.
Delespaux, Vincent
Belgium, Antwerpen
Prins Leopold Instituut Voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Holmes, Peter H.
United Kingdom, Glasgow
University of Glasgow
Ilemobade, Albert A.
Unknown Affiliation
Machila, Noreen
United Kingdom, Roslin
The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies
Mbwambo, H. A.
Tanzania, Dar es Salaam
Animal Diseases Research Institute Dar es Salaam
McDermott, John J.
Kenya, Nairobi
International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi
Mehlitz, Dieter
Gambia, Banjul
International Trypanotolerance Centre Gambia
Murilla, Grace Adira
Kenya
Kenya Trypanosomosis Research Institute
Ndung'U, Joseph Mathu
Kenya
Kenya Trypanosomosis Research Institute
Peregrine, Andrew S.
Canada, Guelph
Ontario Veterinary College
Sidibé, Issa
Burkina Faso, Bobo-dioulasso
Centre International de Recherche-developpement Sur Lelevage en Zone Subhumide, Bobo-dioulasso
Sinyangwe, L.
Zambia
Central Veterinary Research Institute
Geerts, Stanny
Belgium, Antwerpen
Prins Leopold Instituut Voor Tropische Geneeskunde
Statistics
Citations: 108
Authors: 17
Affiliations: 12
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00415-0
ISSN:
03044017