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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
arts and humanities
A marginal structural model to estimate the causal effect of antidepressant medication treatment on viral suppression among homeless and marginally housed persons with HIV
Archives of General Psychiatry, Volume 67, No. 12, Year 2010
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Description
Context: Depression strongly predicts nonadherence to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antiretroviral therapy, and adherence is essential to maintaining viral suppression. This suggests that pharmacologic treatment of depression may improve virologic outcomes. However, previous longitudinal observational analyses have inadequately adjusted for time-varying confounding by depression severity, which could yield biased estimates of treatment effect. Application of marginal structural modeling to longitudinal observation data can, under certain assumptions, approximate the findings of a randomized controlled trial. Objective: To determine whether antidepressant medication treatment increases the probability of HIV viral suppression. Design: Community-based prospective cohort study with assessments conducted every 3 months. Setting: Community-based research field site in San Francisco, California. Participants: One hundred fifty-eight homeless and marginally housed persons with HIV who met baseline immunologic (CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, <350/μL) and psychiatric (Beck Depression Inventory II score, >13) inclusion criteria, observed from April 2002 through August 2007. Main Outcome Measures: Probability of achieving viral suppression to less than 50 copies/mL. Secondary outcomes of interest were probability of being on an antiretroviral therapy regimen, 7-day self-reported percentage adherence to antiretroviral therapy, and probability of reporting complete (100%) adherence. Results: Marginal structural models estimated a 2.03 greater odds of achieving viral suppression (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-3.58; P=.02) resulting from antidepressant medication treatment. In addition, antidepressant medication use increased the probability of antiretroviral uptake (weighted odds ratio, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.98-7.58; P < .001). Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy increased by 25 percentage points (95% CI, 14-36;P < .001), and the odds of reporting complete adherence nearly doubled (weighted odds ratio, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.20-3.13; P=.006). Conclusions: Antidepressant medication treatment increases viral suppression among persons with HIV. This effect is likely attributable to improved adherence to a continuum of HIV care, including increased uptake and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. ©2010 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Tsai, Alexander C.
United States, San Francisco
Ucsf Langley Porter Psychiatric Hospital and Clinics
United States, Cambridge
Harvard University
Weiser, Sheri D.
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
United States, San Francisco
Ucsf Center for Aids Prevention Studies
Petersen, Maya L.
United States, San Francisco
Ucsf Langley Porter Psychiatric Hospital and Clinics
United States, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
Ragland, Kathleen
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
Kushel, Margot B.
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
Bangsberg, David R.
United States, Boston
Harvard Medical School
United States, Cambridge
Harvard Initiative for Global Health
United States, Boston
Massachusetts General Hospital
Uganda, Mbarara
Mbarara University of Science and Technology
United States, Cambridge
Harvard University
Statistics
Citations: 114
Authors: 6
Affiliations: 9
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.160
ISSN:
0003990X
e-ISSN:
15383636
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Mental Health
Study Design
Cohort Study
Quasi Experimental Study
Case-Control Study
Study Approach
Quantitative