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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence and associated risk factors among postnatal women in Harare, Zimbabwe
Epidemiology and Infection, Volume 135, No. 6, Year 2007
Notification
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Description
Studies of antenatal women form the predominant source of data on HIV-1 prevalence in Africa. Identifying factors associated with prevalent HIV is important in targeting diagnostic services and care. Between November 1997 and January 2000, 14 110 postnatal women from Harare, Zimbabwe were tested by ELISAs reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2; a subset of positive samples was confirmed with assays specific for HIV-1 and HIV-2. Baseline characteristics were elicited and modelled to identify risk factors for prevalent HIV infection. HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalences were 32.0% (95% CI 31.2-32-8) and 1.3% (95% CI 1.1-1-5), respectively; 4% of HIV-1-positive and 99% of HIV-2-positive women were co-infected. HIV-1 prevalence increased from 0% among 14-year-olds to >45% among women aged 29-31 years, then fell to <20% among those aged >40 years. In multivariate analyses, prevalence increased with parity, was lower in married women than in single women, divorcees and widows, and higher in women with the lowest incomes and those professing no religion. Adjusted HIV-1 prevalence increased during 1998 and decreased during 1999. Age modified the effects of parity, home ownership and parental education. Among older women, prevalence was greater for women who were not homeowners. Among younger women, prevalence increased with parity and low parental education. None of these factors distinguished women co-infected with HIV-2 from those infected with HIV-1 alone. Prevalent HIV-1 infection is associated with financial insecurity and weak psychosocial support. The ZVITAMBO study apparently spanned the peak of the HIV-1 epidemic among reproductive women in Harare. © 2007 Cambridge University Press.
Authors & Co-Authors
Humphrey, Jean H.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Nathoo, Kusum Jackison
Zimbabwe, Harare
University of Zimbabwe
Hargrove, John W.
Zimbabwe, Harare
Zvitambo Study Team
Iliff, Peter J.
Zimbabwe, Harare
University of Zimbabwe
Mutasa, Kuda E.
Zimbabwe, Harare
Zvitambo Study Team
Moulton, Lawrence H.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Chidawanyika, Henry
Zimbabwe, Harare
Zvitambo Study Team
Malaba, Lucie C.
Zimbabwe, Harare
University of Zimbabwe
Zijenah, Lynn Sodai
Zimbabwe, Harare
University of Zimbabwe
Zvandasara, Parteson
Zimbabwe, Harare
University of Zimbabwe
Ntozini, Robert
Zimbabwe, Harare
Zvitambo Study Team
Zunguza, Claire D.
Zimbabwe, Harare
Harare City Health Department
Ward, Brian James
Canada, Montreal
Centre Universitaire de Santé Mcgill
Statistics
Citations: 19
Authors: 13
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1017/S0950268806007709
ISSN:
09502688
e-ISSN:
14694409
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Locations
Zimbabwe
Participants Gender
Female