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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Increased risk of parkinsonism associated with welding exposure
NeuroToxicology, Volume 33, No. 5, Year 2012
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Description
Objective: Manganese (Mn), an established neurotoxicant, is a common component of welding fume. The neurological phenotype associated with welding exposures has not been well described. Prior epidemiologic evidence linking occupational welding to parkinsonism is mixed, and remains controversial. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and nested case-control study to investigate the prevalence and phenotype of parkinsonism among 811 shipyard and fabrication welders recruited from trade unions. Two reference groups included 59 non-welder trade workers and 118 newly diagnosed, untreated idiopathic PD patients. Study subjects were examined by a movement disorders specialist using the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor subsection 3 (UPDRS3). Parkinsonism cases were defined as welders with UPDRS3 score ≥15. Normal was defined as UPDRS3 < 6. Exposure was classified as intensity adjusted, cumulative years of welding. Adjusted prevalence ratios for parkinsonism were calculated in relation to quartiles of welding years. Results: The overall prevalence estimate of parkinsonism was 15.6% in welding exposed workers compared to 0% in the reference group. Among welders, we observed a U-shaped dose-response relation between weighted welding exposure-years and parkinsonism. UPDRS3 scores for most domains were similar between welders and newly diagnosed idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) patients, except for greater frequency of rest tremor and asymmetry in PD patients. Conclusion: This work-site based study among welders demonstrates a high prevalence of parkinsonism compared to nonwelding-exposed workers and a clinical phenotype that overlaps substantially with PD. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.
Authors & Co-Authors
Racette, Brad A.
United States, St. Louis
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
Criswell, Susan R.
United States, St. Louis
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
Lundin, Jessica I.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Hobson, Angela J.
United States, St. Louis
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
Seixas, Noah S.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Kotzbauer, Paul T.
United States, St. Louis
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
Evanoff, Bradley A.
United States, St. Louis
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
Perlmutter, Joel S.
United States, St. Louis
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
Zhang, Jing
United States, Seattle
University of Washington School of Medicine
Sheppard, Lianne E.
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Checkoway, Harvey
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
Statistics
Citations: 127
Authors: 11
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.neuro.2012.08.011
ISSN:
18729711
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Case-Control Study