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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
immunology and microbiology
The efficacy of oral azithromycin in clearing ocular chlamydia: Mathematical modeling from a community-randomized trachoma trial
Epidemics, Volume 6, Year 2014
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Description
Mass oral azithromycin distributions have dramatically reduced the prevalence of the ocular strains of chlamydia that cause trachoma. Assessing efficacy of the antibiotic in an individual is important in planning trachoma elimination. However, the efficacy is difficult to estimate, because post-treatment laboratory testing may be complicated by nonviable organisms or reinfection. Here, we monitored ocular chlamydial infection twice a year in pre-school children in 32 communities as part of a cluster-randomized clinical trial in Tanzania (prevalence in children was lowered from 22.0% to 4.7% after 3-year of annual treatment). We used a mathematical transmission model to estimate the prevalence of infection immediately after treatment, and found the effective field efficacy of antibiotic in an individual to be 67.6% (95% CI: 56.5-75.1%) in this setting. Sensitivity analyses suggested that these results were not dependent on specific assumptions about the duration of infection. We found no evidence of decreased efficacy during the course of the trial. We estimated an 89% chance of elimination after 10 years of annual treatment with 95% coverage. © 2014 The Authors.
Authors & Co-Authors
Liu, Fengchen
Unknown Affiliation
Porco, Travis C.
Unknown Affiliation
Mkocha, Harran A.
Unknown Affiliation
Muñoz, Beatriz E.
Unknown Affiliation
Ray, Kathryn J.
Unknown Affiliation
Bailey, Robin L.
Unknown Affiliation
Lietman, Thomas M.
Unknown Affiliation
Vos, Theo K.
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 18
Authors: 8
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.epidem.2013.12.001
ISSN:
17554365
e-ISSN:
18780067
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Randomised Control Trial
Cross Sectional Study
Study Locations
Tanzania