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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Population-based surveillance for cryptococcosis in an antiretroviral-naive South African province with a high HIV seroprevalence
AIDS, Volume 20, No. 17, Year 2006
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Description
OBJECTIVES: To measure the burden of disease and describe the epidemiology of cryptococcosis in Gauteng Province, South Africa. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study was an active, prospective, laboratory-based, population-based surveillance. An incident case of cryptococcosis was defined as the first isolation by culture of any Cryptococcus species from any clinical specimen, a positive India ink cryptococcal latex agglutination test or a positive histopathology specimen from a Gauteng resident. Cases were identified prospectively at all laboratories in Gauteng. Case report forms were completed using medical record review and patient interview where possible. RESULTS: Between 1 March 2002 and 29 February 2004, 2753 incident cases were identified. The overall incidence rate was 15.6/100 000. Among HIV-infected persons, the rate was 95/100 000, and among persons living with AIDS 14/1000. Males and children under 15 years accounted for 49 and 0.9% of cases, respectively. The median age was 34 years (range, 1 month-74 years). Almost all cases (97%) presented with meningitis. Antifungal therapy was given to 2460 (89%) cases of which 72% received fluconazole only. In-hospital mortality was 27% (749 cases). Recurrences occurred in 263 (9.5%) incident cases. Factors associated with death included altered mental status, coma or wasting; factors associated with survival included employment in the mining industry, visual changes or headache on presentation. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the high disease burden due to cryptococcosis in an antiretroviral-naive South African population and emphasizes the need to improve early recognition, diagnosis and treatment of the condition. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Authors & Co-Authors
McCarthy, Kerrigan Mary
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Morgan, Juliette
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Infectious Diseases
Wannemuehler, Kathleen A.
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Infectious Diseases
Mirza, Sara A.
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Infectious Diseases
Gould, Susan M.
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Mhlongo, Ntombi
South Africa, Johannesburg
Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
Moeng, Portia
South Africa, Johannesburg
Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
Maloba, Motlatji Reratilwe Bonnie
South Africa, Johannesburg
Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
Crewe-Brown, Heather H.
South Africa, Johannesburg
Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
Brandt, Mary Eleanor
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Infectious Diseases
Hajjeh, Rana A.
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Infectious Diseases
Statistics
Citations: 120
Authors: 11
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1097/QAD.0b013e3280106d6a
Research Areas
Environmental
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Study Locations
South Africa