Whole-rock, phosphate, and silicate compositional trends across an amphibolite- to granulite-facies transition, Tamil Nadu, India

Chemical trends from north (amphibolite facies) to south (granulite facies) along a 95 km traverse in Tamil Nadu, Southern India, include: whole-rock depletion of Rb, Cs, Th and U, enrichment in Ti and F, and depletion in Fe and Mn in biotite and amphibole; increases in Al and decreases in Mn in orthopyroxene; enrichment of fluorapatite in F. K-feldspar blebs are widespread along quartz-plagioclase grain boundaries, and could indicate either partial melting or metasomatism. In the northernmost portion of the traverse the principal rare earth element (REE)-bearing minerals are allanite and titanite. South of a clinopyroxene isograd, monazite grains independent of fluorapatite are the major REE- and Th-bearing phase. Further south independent monazite is rare but Th-free monazite inclusions are common in fluorapatite. During prograde metamorphism, independent monazite was replaced by REE-rich fluorapatite in which the monazite inclusions later formed. The loss of independent monazite was accompanied by a loss of whole-rock Th and possibly a small depletion in light REE. Most mineralogical features along the traverse can be accounted for by progressive dehydration and oxidation reactions. Trace-element depletion is best explained by the action of an externally derived low H2O activity brine migrating from a source at greater depth, possibly preceded or accompanied by partial melting. © The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.