Determining the parameters of noise pollution in the central area of the Almaty city in Kazakhstan

One of the adverse effects of industrialization is noise pollution, which disturbs the mental health and tranquility of urban residents and is the source of numerous social tensions. Twenty stations in the central areas of Almaty with varying uses during the morning, afternoon, and evening rush hours were measured for this study. The objectives of this paper include determining sound indices, identifying potential sound sources, and calculating the relative contribution of each to the overall urban noise level. Additionally, 400 questionnaires were distributed to individuals to assess noise pollution's effects on individuals. The average maximum value of TNI (Traffic Noise Index) in residential and commercial use is 85.4 dB(A), and the maximum value of Leq (Equivalent continuous sound level) in commercial use is 86 dB(A). In addition, 50 city bus drivers were examined to determine the impact of noise in this environment. The results revealed that as Leq increases, the number of unsafe acts increases. The questionnaires revealed that people are significantly more dissatisfied with noise pollution at stations with higher sound levels.