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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Identifying transmission routes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and sources of acquisitions in high transmission communities
Epidemiology and Infection, Volume 145, No. 13, Year 2017
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Description
Identifying the transmission sources and reservoirs of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) is a long-standing question for pneumococcal epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and vaccine policy. Here we use serotype to identify SP transmission and examine acquisitions (in the same household, local community, and county, or of unidentified origin) in a longitudinal cohort of children and adults from the Navajo Nation and the White Mountain Apache American Indian Tribes. We found that adults acquire SP relatively more in the household than other age groups, and children 2-8 years old typically acquire in their own or surrounding communities. Age-specific transmission probability matrices show that transmissions within household were mostly seen from older to younger siblings. Outside the household, children most often transmit to other children in the same age group, showing age-assortative mixing behavior. We find toddlers and older children to be most involved in SP transmission and acquisition, indicating their role as key drivers of SP epidemiology. Although infants have high carriage prevalence, they do not play a central role in transmission of SP compared with toddlers and older children. Our results are relevant to inform alternative pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing strategies and analytic efforts to inform optimization of vaccine programs, as well as assessing the transmission dynamics of pathogens transmitted by close contact in general. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC5647670/bin/S095026881700125Xsup001.docx
Authors & Co-Authors
Althouse, Benjamin M.
United States, Bellevue
Institute for Disease Modeling
United States, Seattle
University of Washington
United States, Las Cruces
New Mexico State University
Hammitt, Laura L.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Grant, Lindsay R.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Wagner, Bradley G.
United States, Bellevue
Institute for Disease Modeling
Reid, Raymond
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Weatherholtz, Robert C.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Klugman, K. P.
Unknown Affiliation
Rodgers, Gail L.
Unknown Affiliation
O'Brien, Katherine L.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Statistics
Citations: 41
Authors: 9
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1017/S095026881700125X
ISSN:
09502688
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study