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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in kenyan rural schools: Are schools meeting the needs of menstruating girls?
Water (Switzerland), Volume 6, No. 5, Year 2014
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Description
Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programs in African schools have received increased attention, particularly around the potential impact of poor menstrual hygiene management (MHM) on equity for girls' education. This study was conducted prior to a menstrual feasibility study in rural Kenya, to examine current WASH in primary schools and the resources available for menstruating schoolgirls. Cross-sectional surveys were performed in 62 primary schools during unannounced visits. Of these, 60% had handwashing water, 13% had washing water in latrines for menstruating girls, and 2% had soap. Latrines were structurally sound and 16% were clean. Most schools (84%) had separate latrines for girls, but the majority (77%) had no lock. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) supported WASH in 76% of schools. Schools receiving WASH interventions were more likely to have: cleaner latrines (Risk Ratio (RR) 1.5; 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] 1.0, 2.1), handwashing facilities (RR 1.6, CI 1.1, 2.5), handwashing water (RR 2.7; CI 1.4, 5.2), and water in girls' latrines (RR 4.0; CI 1.4, 11.6). Schools continue to lack essential WASH facilities for menstruating girls. While external support for school WASH interventions improved MHM quality, the impact of these contributions remains insufficient. Further support is required to meet international recommendations for healthy, gender-equitable schools. © 2014 by the authors.
Authors & Co-Authors
Alexander, Kelly T.
United Kingdom, Liverpool
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Oduor, Cliff I.
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Nyothach, Elizabeth Akinyi
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Laserson, Kayla F.
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Nyaguara, Amek
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Eleveld, Alie
Unknown Affiliation
Mason, Linda
United Kingdom, Liverpool
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Rheingans, Richard D.
United States, Gainesville
University of Florida
Beynon, Caryl M.
United Kingdom, Liverpool
Liverpool John Moores University
Mohammed, Aisha
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation
Ombok, Maurice Ochieng
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Obor, David
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Odhiambo, Frank Akoth
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Quick, Robert E.
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
Phillips-Howard, Penelope A.
United Kingdom, Liverpool
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Kenya, Nairobi
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Statistics
Citations: 78
Authors: 15
Affiliations: 7
Identifiers
Doi:
10.3390/w6051453
e-ISSN:
20734441
Research Areas
Environmental
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Locations
Kenya
Participants Gender
Female