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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology
Fruit and vegetable intake and overall cancer risk in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 102, No. 8, Year 2010
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Description
Background It is widely believed that cancer can be prevented by high intake of fruits and vegetables. However, inconsistent results from many studies have not been able to conclusively establish an inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and overall cancer risk. Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort to assess relationships between intake of total fruits, total vegetables, and total fruits and vegetables combined and cancer risk during 1992-2000. Detailed information on the dietary habit and lifestyle variables of the cohort was obtained. Cancer incidence and mortality data were ascertained, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models. Analyses were also conducted for cancers associated with tobacco and alcohol after stratification for tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. Results Of the initial 142 605 men and 335 873 women included in the study, 9604 men and 21 000 women were identified with cancer after a median follow-up of 8.7 years. The crude cancer incidence rates were 7.9 per 1000 person- years in men and 7.1 per 1000 person-years in women. Associations between reduced cancer risk and increased intake of total fruits and vegetables combined and total vegetables for the entire cohort were similar (200 g/d increased intake of fruits and vegetables combined, HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96 to 0.99; 100 g/d increased intake of total vegetables, HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97 to 0.99); intake of fruits showed a weaker inverse association (100 g/d increased intake of total fruits, HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.00). The reduced risk of cancer associated with high vegetable intake was restricted to women (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97 to 0.99). Stratification by alcohol intake suggested a stronger reduction in risk in heavy drinkers and was confined to cancers caused by smoking and alcohol. Conclusions A very small inverse association between intake of total fruits and vegetables and cancer risk was observed in this study. Given the small magnitude of the observed associations, caution should be applied in their interpretation. © The Author 2010.
Authors & Co-Authors
Boffetta, Paolo A.
France, Lyon
Centre International de Recherche Sur le Cancer
United States, New York
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Couto, Elisabeth
France, Lyon
Centre International de Recherche Sur le Cancer
Wichmann, Janine
Denmark, Copenhagen
Københavns Universitet
South Africa, Pretoria
University of Pretoria
Ferrari, Pietro
Italy, Parma
Autorità Europea Per la Sicurezza Alimentare
Trichopoulos, Dimitrios V.
Greece, Athens
School of Medicine
Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B.
Netherlands, Bilthoven
Rijksinstituut Voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
van Duijnhoven, Fränzel J.B.
Netherlands, Bilthoven
Rijksinstituut Voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
Netherlands, Utrecht
University Medical Center Utrecht
Buc̈hner, Frederike Leonie
Netherlands, Bilthoven
Rijksinstituut Voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
Netherlands, Nijmegen
Radboud Universiteit
Key, Timothy J.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division
Boeing, Heiner
Germany, Nuthetal
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Nöthlings, Ute
Germany, Nuthetal
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Linseisen, Jakob P.
Germany, Heidelberg
German Cancer Research Center
González Svatetz, Carlos A.
Spain, Barcelona
Environment and Cancer
Overvad, Kim
Denmark, Aarhus
Aarhus Universitetshospital
Nielsen, Michael Skjelbo
Denmark, Aarhus
Aarhus Universitetshospital
Tjønneland, A. Marie
Denmark, Copenhagen
Institute of Cancer Epidemiology - Denmark
Olsen, Anja Weinreich
Denmark, Copenhagen
Institute of Cancer Epidemiology - Denmark
Clavel-Chapelon, Fraņcoise
France, Villejuif
Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy
Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine
France, Villejuif
Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy
Morois, Sophie
France, Villejuif
Institut de Cancerologie Gustave Roussy
Lagiou, P.
Greece, Athens
School of Medicine
Naska, Androniki
Greece, Athens
School of Medicine
Benetou, Vassiliki
Greece, Athens
School of Medicine
Kaaks, Rudolf J.
Germany, Heidelberg
German Cancer Research Center
Rohrmann, Sabine
Germany, Heidelberg
German Cancer Research Center
Panico, Salvatore
Italy, Naples
Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico Ii
Sieri, Sabina
Italy, Milan
Fondazione Irccs Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan
Vineis, Paolo
United Kingdom, London
Imperial College London
Italy, Turin
Institute for Scientific Interchange Foundation
Palli, Domenico
Italy
Centro Per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica
van Gils, Carla Henrica
Netherlands, Utrecht
University Medical Center Utrecht
Peeters, Petra H.M.
Netherlands, Utrecht
University Medical Center Utrecht
Lund, Eiliv
Norway, Tromso
Uit Norges Arktiske Universitet
Brustad, Magritt
Norway, Tromso
Uit Norges Arktiske Universitet
Engeset, Dagrun
Norway, Tromso
Uit Norges Arktiske Universitet
Huerta, José Mª
Spain, Murcia
Health Council of Murcia
Spain, Madrid
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública
Rodríguez, Laudina F.
Spain
Public Health and Participation
Sánchez, Maria José
Spain, Granada
Escuela Andaluza Salud Publica
Spain, Madrid
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública
Dorronsoro, Miren L.
Spain, Donostia-san Sebastian
Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa
Spain, Madrid
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública
Barricarte, Aurelio
Spain, Pamplona
Instituto de Salud Publica, Pamplona
Hallmans, Goran
Sweden, Umea
Umeå Universitet
Johansson, Ingegerd
Sweden, Umea
Umeå Universitet
Manjer, Jonas
Sweden, Lund
Skånes Universitetssjukhus
Sonestedt, Emily
Sweden, Malmo
Institutionen För Kliniska Vetenskaper, Malmö
Allen, Naomi E.
United Kingdom, Oxford
University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division
Bingham, Sheila Anne
United Kingdom, Cambridge
University of Cambridge
Khaw, Kay Tee T.
United Kingdom, Cambridge
University of Cambridge
Slimani, Nadia
France, Lyon
Centre International de Recherche Sur le Cancer
Jenab, Mazda
France, Lyon
Centre International de Recherche Sur le Cancer
Mouw, Traci
United Kingdom, London
Imperial College London
Norat, Teresa
United Kingdom, London
Imperial College London
Riboli, Elio B.
United Kingdom, London
Imperial College London
Trichopoulou, Antonia D.
Greece, Athens
School of Medicine
Statistics
Citations: 436
Authors: 52
Affiliations: 32
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/jnci/djq072
ISSN:
00278874
e-ISSN:
14602105
Research Areas
Cancer
Environmental
Food Security
Substance Abuse
Study Design
Cohort Study
Participants Gender
Male
Female