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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
general
Emergence of unique primate T-lymphotropic viruses among central African bushmeat hunters
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume 102, No. 22, Year 2005
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Description
The human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) types 1 and 2 originated independently and are related to distinct lineages of simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLV-1 and STLV-2, respectively). These facts, along with the finding that HTLV-1 diversity appears to have resulted from multiple cross-species transmissions of STLV-1, suggest that contact between humans and infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) may result in HTLV emergence. We investigated the diversity of HTLV among central Africans reporting contact with NHP blood and body fluids through hunting, butchering, and keeping primate pets. We show that this population is infected with a wide variety of HTLVs, including two previously unknown retroviruses: HTLV-4 is a member of a phylogenetic lineage that is distinct from all known HTLVs and STLVs; HTLV-3 falls within the phylogenetic diversity of STLV-3, a group not previously seen in humans. We also document human infection with multiple STLV-1-like viruses. These results demonstrate greater HTLV diversity than previously recognized and suggest that NHP exposure contributes to HTLV emergence. Our discovery of unique and divergent HTLVs has implications for HTLV diagnosis, blood screening, and potential disease development in infected persons. The findings also indicate that cross-species transmission is not the rate-limiting step in pandemic retrovirus emergence and suggest that it may be possible to predict and prevent disease emergence by surveillance of populations exposed to animal reservoirs and interventions to decrease risk factors, such as primate hunting. © 2005 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.
Authors & Co-Authors
Wolfe, Nathan D.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Heneine, Walid M.
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Hiv, Viral Hepatitis, Std, and tb Prevention
Carr, Jean Kirkland
United States, Rockville
Hjf
Garcia, Albert D.
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Hiv, Viral Hepatitis, Std, and tb Prevention
Shanmugam, Vedapuri
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Hiv, Viral Hepatitis, Std, and tb Prevention
Tamoufé, Ubald
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Cameroon, Yaounde
Army Health Research Center
Torimiro, Judith Ndongo
Cameroon, Yaounde
Army Health Research Center
Prosser, Adria Tassy
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
LeBreton, Matthew
Cameroon, Yaounde
Army Health Research Center
Mpoudi-Ngolé, Eitel
Cameroon, Yaounde
Army Health Research Center
McCutchan, Francine E.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
United States, Rockville
Hjf
Birx, Deborah L.
United States, Silver Spring
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
Folks, Thomas M.
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Hiv, Viral Hepatitis, Std, and tb Prevention
Burke, Donald S.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Switzer, William M.
United States, Atlanta
National Center for Hiv, Viral Hepatitis, Std, and tb Prevention
Statistics
Citations: 435
Authors: 15
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1073/pnas.0501734102
ISSN:
00278424
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study