Intermittent positive pressure ventilation in hyaline membrane disease

One hundred and sixty infants with hyaline membrane disease were treated in an intensive care unit. Sixty-six infants received intermittent positive pressure ventilation; 22 survived. With improved management techniques and the routine use of a pressure-cycled flow generator, 53 per cent survived with assisted ventilation. The indications for intermittent positive pressure ventilation were asphyxia on admission, a single asphyxial attack, or a PaO2 value below 50 mm. Hg while receiving intensive therapy. Infection was the most serious complication. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation is thought to be a life-saving procedure in experienced hands. © 1970 The C. V. Mosby Company.