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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
agricultural and biological sciences
Living at the edge: Biogeographic patterns of habitat segregation conform to speciation by niche expansion in anopheles gambiae
BMC Ecology, Volume 9, Article 16, Year 2009
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Description
Background. Ongoing lineage splitting within the African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae is compatible with ecological speciation, the evolution of reproductive isolation by divergent natural selection acting on two populations exploiting alternative resources. Divergence between two molecular forms (M and S) identified by fixed differences in rDNA, and characterized by marked, although incomplete, reproductive isolation is occurring in West and Central Africa. To elucidate the role that ecology and geography play in speciation, we carried out a countrywide analysis of An. gambiae M and S habitat requirements, and that of their chromosomal variants, across Burkina Faso. Results. Maps of relative abundance by geostatistical interpolators produced a distinct pattern of distribution: the M-form dominated in the northernmost arid zones, the S-form in the more humid southern regions. Maps of habitat suitability, quantified by Ecological Niche Factor Analysis based on 15 eco-geographical variables revealed less contrast among forms. M was peculiar as it occurred proportionally more in habitat of marginal quality. Measures of ecological niche breadth and overlap confirmed the mismatch between the fundamental and realized patterns of habitat occupation: forms segregated more than expected from the extent of divergence of their environmental envelope a signature of niche expansion. Classification of chromosomal arm 2R karyotypes by multilocus genetic clustering identified two clusters loosely corresponding to molecular forms, with 'mismatches' representing admixed individuals due to shared ancestral polymorphism and/or residual hybridization. In multivariate ordination space, these karyotypes plotted in habitat of more marginal quality compared to non-admixed, 'typical', karyotypes. The distribution of 'typical' karyotypes along the main eco-climatic gradient followed a consistent pattern within and between forms, indicating an adaptive role of inversions at this geographical scale. Conclusion. Ecological segregation between M and S is consistent with niche expansion into marginal habitats by chromosomal inversion variants during early lineage divergence; presumably, this process is promoted by inter-karyotype competition in the higher-quality core habitat. We propose that the appearance of favourable allelic combinations in other regions of suppressed recombination (e.g. pericentromeric portions defining speciation islands in An. gambiae) fosters development of reproductive isolation to protect linkage between separate chromosomal regions. © 2009 Costantini et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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Authors & Co-Authors
Costantini, Carlo
France, Marseille
Ird Institut de Recherche Pour le Developpement
Cameroon, Yaounde
Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre Les Endémies en Afrique Centrale Cameroon
Ayala, Diego
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Guelbéogo, Wamdaogo Moussa
France, Ouagadougou
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation Sur le Paludisme Cnrfp
Pombi, Marco
Italy, Rome
Sapienza Università Di Roma
Some, Corentin Y.C.
Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou
2ie - Institut International D'ingénierie de L'eau et de L'environnement
Bassolé, Imaël Henri Nestor
Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou
University of Ouagadougou
Ose, Kenji
France, Orleans
Ird Centre D'orleans
Fotsing, Jean Marie
France, Orleans
Ird Centre D'orleans
Sagnon, N'Falé F.
France, Ouagadougou
Centre National de Recherche et de Formation Sur le Paludisme Cnrfp
Fontenille, Didier
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Besansky, Nora J.
United States, Notre Dame
University of Notre Dame
Simard, Frédéric R.
Cameroon, Yaounde
Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre Les Endémies en Afrique Centrale Cameroon
Statistics
Citations: 203
Authors: 12
Affiliations: 9
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1472-6785-9-16
e-ISSN:
14726785
Research Areas
Environmental
Genetics And Genomics
Infectious Diseases
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Study Locations
Burkina Faso