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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Efficacy of latrine promotion on emergence of infection with ocular Chlamydia trachomatis after mass antibiotic treatment: A cluster-randomized trial
International Health, Volume 3, No. 2, Year 2011
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Description
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends environmental improvements such as latrine construction in the integrated trachoma control strategy, SAFE. We report a cluster-randomized trial assessing the effect of intensive latrine promotion on emergence of infection with ocular Chlamydia trachomatis after mass treatment with antibiotics.Twenty-four communities in Goncha Seso Enesie woreda, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, were enumerated, and a random selection of 60 children aged 0-9 years in each was monitored for clinical signs of trachoma and ocular chlamydial infection at baseline, 12 and 24 months. All community members were offered treatment with a single dose of oral azithromycin or topical tetracycline. After treatment, 12 subkebeles were randomized to receive intensive latrine promotion. Mean cluster ocular infection in the latrine and the non-latrine arms were reduced from 45.5% (95% CI 34.1-56.8%) and 43.0% (95% CI 31.1-54.8%), respectively, at baseline to 14.6% (95% CI 7.4-21.8%) and 14.8% (95% CI 8.9-20.8%), respectively, at 24 months (P=0.93). Clinical signs fell from 72.0% (95% CI 58.2-85.5%) and 61.3% (95% CI 44.0-78.5%) at baseline to 45.8% (36.0-55.6%) and 48.5% (34.0-62.9%), respectively, at 24 months (P=0.69). At 24 months, estimated household latrine coverage and use were 80.8% and 61.7%, respectively, where there had been intensive latrine promotion and 30.0% and 25.0% respectively in the single treatment only arm. We were unable to detect a difference in the prevalence of ocular chlamydial infection in children due to latrine construction. © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Authors & Co-Authors
Stoller, Nicole E.
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
Gebre, Teshome
United States, Atlanta
The Carter Center
Ayele, Berhan
United States, Atlanta
The Carter Center
Zerihun, Mulat
United States, Atlanta
The Carter Center
Assefa, Yared
Ethiopia, Gondar
University of Gondar
Habte, Dereje
United States, Atlanta
The Carter Center
Zhou, Zhaoxia
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
Porco, Travis C.
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
United States, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
Keenan, Jeremy David
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
House, Jenafir I.
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
Gaynor, Bruce D.
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
Lietman, Thomas M.
United States, San Francisco
University of California, San Francisco
Emerson, Paul
United States, Atlanta
The Carter Center
Statistics
Citations: 53
Authors: 13
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.inhe.2011.03.004
ISSN:
18763413
e-ISSN:
18763405
Research Areas
Environmental
Health System And Policy
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Randomised Control Trial
Cross Sectional Study
Study Locations
Ethiopia