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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Malaria Prevalence, Spatial Clustering and Risk Factors in a Low Endemic Area of Eastern Rwanda: A Cross Sectional Study
PLoS ONE, Volume 8, No. 7, Article e69443, Year 2013
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Description
Background:Rwanda reported significant reductions in malaria burden following scale up of control intervention from 2005 to 2010. This study sought to; measure malaria prevalence, describe spatial malaria clustering and investigate for malaria risk factors among health-centre-presumed malaria cases and their household members in Eastern Rwanda.Methods:A two-stage health centre and household-based survey was conducted in Ruhuha sector, Eastern Rwanda from April to October 2011. At the health centre, data, including malaria diagnosis and individual level malaria risk factors, was collected. At households of these Index cases, a follow-up survey, including malaria screening for all household members and collecting household level malaria risk factor data, was conducted.Results:Malaria prevalence among health centre attendees was 22.8%. At the household level, 90 households (out of 520) had at least one malaria-infected member and the overall malaria prevalence for the 2634 household members screened was 5.1%. Among health centre attendees, the age group 5-15 years was significantly associated with an increased malaria risk and a reported ownership of ≥4 bednets was significantly associated with a reduced malaria risk. At the household level, age groups 5-15 and >15 years and being associated with a malaria positive index case were associated with an increased malaria risk, while an observed ownership of ≥4 bednets was associated with a malaria risk-protective effect. Significant spatial malaria clustering among household cases with clusters located close to water- based agro-ecosystems was observed.Conclusions:Malaria prevalence was significantly higher among health centre attendees and their household members in an area with significant household spatial malaria clustering. Circle surveillance involving passive case finding at health centres and proactive case detection in households can be a powerful tool for identifying household level malaria burden, risk factors and clustering. © 2013 Rulisa et al.
Authors & Co-Authors
Rulisa, Stephen R.
Rwanda, Butare
University of Rwanda
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development
Kateera, Fredrick
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Amsterdam Umc - University of Amsterdam
Rwanda, Kigali
Rwanda Biomedical Centre
Bizimana, Jean Pierre Dieu
Rwanda, Butare
University of Rwanda
Agaba, Stephen K.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development
Dukuzumuremyi, Javier
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development
Baas, Lisette
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development
de Dieu Harelimana, Jean
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development
Mens, Pètra Francisca
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Amsterdam Umc - University of Amsterdam
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Royal Tropical Institute - Kit
Boer, Kimberly Rachel
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Royal Tropical Institute - Kit
de Vries, Peter J.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Amsterdam Umc - University of Amsterdam
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development
Statistics
Citations: 77
Authors: 10
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0069443
e-ISSN:
19326203
Research Areas
Environmental
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Randomised Control Trial
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Study Locations
Rwanda