Factors contributing to delays in diagnosis of breast cancers in Ghana, West Africa

Background: Late diagnoses and poor prognoses of breast cancer are common throughout Africa. Methods: To identify responsible factors, we utilized data from a population-based case–control study involving 1184 women with breast malignancies conducted in three hospitals in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. Interviews focused on potential breast cancer risk factors as well as factors that might contribute to presentation delays. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing malignances with biopsy masses larger than 5 cm. (62.4% of the 1027 cases with measurable lesions) to smaller lesions. Results: In multivariate analyses, strong predictors of larger masses were limited education (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.32–2.90