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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Assessment of the face validity of two pain scales in Kenya: A validation study using cognitive interviewing
BMC Palliative Care, Volume 11, Article 5, Year 2012
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Description
Background: Patients in sub-Saharan Africa commonly experience pain, which often is un-assessed and undertreated. One hindrance to routine pain assessment in these settings is the lack of a single-item pain rating scale validated for the particular context. The goal of this study was to examine the face validity and cultural acceptability of two single-item pain scales, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R), in a population of patients on the medical, surgical, and pediatric wards of Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya. Methods: Swahili versions of the NRS and FPS-R were developed by standard translation and back-translation. Cognitive interviews were performed with 15 patients at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya. Interview transcripts were analyzed on a question-by-question basis to identify major themes revealed through the cognitive interviewing process and to uncover any significant problems participants encountered with understanding and using the pain scales. Results: Cognitive interview analysis demonstrated that participants had good comprehension of both the NRS and the FPS-R and showed rational decision-making processes in choosing their responses. Participants felt that both scales were easy to use. The FPS-R was preferred almost unanimously to the NRS. Conclusions: The face validity and acceptability of the Swahili versions of the NRS and FPS-R has been demonstrated for use in Kenyan patients. The broader application of these scales should be evaluated and may benefit patients who currently suffer from pain. © 2012 Huang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC3393614/bin/1472-684X-11-5-S1.doc
Authors & Co-Authors
Huang, Kristin Tl
Kenya, Eldoret
Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare
United States, Boston
Harvard Medical School
Owino, Claudio
Kenya, Eldoret
Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare
Kenya, Eldoret
Moi University
Kenya, Eldoret
Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital
Vreeman, Rachel Christine
Kenya, Eldoret
Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare
United States, Indianapolis
Indiana University-purdue University Indianapolis
Hagembe, Mildred
Kenya, Eldoret
Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare
Kenya, Eldoret
Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital
Njuguna, Festus Muigai
Kenya, Eldoret
Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare
Kenya, Eldoret
Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital
Strother, Robert Matthew
Kenya, Eldoret
Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare
United States, Indianapolis
Indiana University-purdue University Indianapolis
Gramelspacher, Gregory P.
Kenya, Eldoret
Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare
United States, Indianapolis
Indiana University-purdue University Indianapolis
Statistics
Citations: 30
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1472-684X-11-5
e-ISSN:
1472684X
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Locations
Kenya