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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
Male circumcision for HIV prevention: Current evidence and implementation in sub-Saharan Africa
Journal of the International AIDS Society, Volume 14, No. 1, Article 49, Year 2011
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Description
Heterosexual exposure accounts for most HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, and this mode, as a proportion of new infections, is escalating globally. The scientific evidence accumulated over more than 20 years shows that among the strategies advocated during this period for HIV prevention, male circumcision is one of, if not, the most efficacious epidemiologically, as well as cost-wise. Despite this, and recommendation of the procedure by global policy makers, national implementation has been slow. Additionally, some are not convinced of the protective effect of male circumcision and there are also reports, unsupported by evidence, that non-sex-related drivers play a major role in HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we provide a critical evaluation of the state of the current evidence for male circumcision in reducing HIV infection in light of established transmission drivers, provide an update on programmes now in place in this region, and explain why policies based on established scientific evidence should be prioritized. We conclude that the evidence supports the need to accelerate the implementation of medical male circumcision programmes for HIV prevention in generalized heterosexual epidemics, as well as in countering the growing heterosexual transmission in countries where HIV prevalence is presently low. © 2011 Wamai et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Authors & Co-Authors
Wamai, Richard G.
United States, Boston
Northeastern University
Morris, Brian J.
Australia, Sydney
The University of Sydney
Bailis, Stefan A.
United States, Bloomington
Research and Education Association on Circumcision Health Effects
Sokal, David C.
United States, Research Triangle Park
Behavioral and Biomedical Research
Klausner, Jeffrey David
United States, San Francisco
San Francisco Department of Public Health
Appleton, Ross
United States, Boston
Northeastern University
Sewankambo, Nelson K.
Uganda, Kampala
Makerere University College of Health Sciences
Cooper, David A.
Australia, Kensington
The Kirby Institute
Bongaarts, John
United States, New York
The Population Council, Inc.
De Bruyn, Guy
South Africa, Johannesburg
Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
Wodak, Alex D.
Australia, Sydney
St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney
Banerjee, Joya
South Africa, Pretoria
Global Youth Coalition on Hiv/aids
Statistics
Citations: 88
Authors: 12
Affiliations: 11
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1186/1758-2652-14-49
e-ISSN:
17582652
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Participants Gender
Male