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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in zambian children with tuberculosis
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Volume 12, No. 6, Year 1993
Notification
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Description
Descriptions in the medical literature of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in children with tuberculosis (TB) are scanty. This study determined the seroprevalence of HIV-1 in 237 hospitalized children between the ages of 1 month and 14 years with a clinical diagnosis of TB (125 males and 112 females) and in 242 control children (149 males and 93 females). The overall HIV-1 seroprevalence rate in patients with TB was 37% (88 of 237) compared with 10.7% (26 of 242) among the control group (P< 0.00001: odds ratio 5.37, 95% confidence interval = 3.21 < 5.37 < 9.47). HIV-1 seropositivity in children with TB ranged from 53% (31 of 58) in the 12− to 18-month age group to 14% (9 of 61) in the 10− to 14-year-olds. The risk of TB attributable to HIV infection was 29%. The predominant clinical presentation in both seronegative (84.6%) and seropositive (89.7%) groups was that of pulmonary TB and there were no significant differences in clinical presentation between the two groups of patients. Only 54.8% of the patients attended follow-up clinics regularly whereas 32% were lost to follow-up within 3 months. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination coverage was 87.3% among TB patients and 90.5% in the controls. No significant differences in B. Celmette-Guérin vaccination rates between the seronegative and seropositive children were seen. Coinfection with HIV and TB in children is now one of the major public health problems in Zambian children. © 1993 by Williams and Wilkins.
Authors & Co-Authors
Chintu, Chifumbe Z.
Zambia, Lusaka
University Teaching Hospital Lusaka
Bhat, Ganapati J.
Zambia, Lusaka
University Teaching Hospital Lusaka
Luo, Chewe
Zambia, Lusaka
University Teaching Hospital Lusaka
Raviglione, Mario C.
Switzerland, Geneva
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Diwan, Vinod Kumar
Sweden, Stockholm
Karolinska Institutet
DuPont, Herbert L.
United States, Houston
University of Texas Medical School at Houston
Zumla, A. I.
United States, Houston
University of Texas Medical School at Houston
Statistics
Citations: 72
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1097/00006454-199306000-00008
ISSN:
08913668
e-ISSN:
15320987
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Randomised Control Trial
Cohort Study
Case-Control Study
Participants Gender
Female