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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
HIV-infected children living in Central Africa have low persistence of antibodies to vaccines used in the expanded program on immunization
PLoS ONE, Volume 2, No. 12, Article e1260, Year 2007
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Description
Background. The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is the most cost-effective measures to control vaccine-preventable diseases. Currently, the EPI schedule is similar for HIV-Infected children; the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) should considerably prolong their life expectancy. Methods and Principal Findings. To evaluate the persistence of antibodies to the EPI vaccines in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected children who previously received these vaccines in routine clinical practice, we conducted a cross-sectional study of children, aged 18 to 36 months, born to HIV-infected mothers and living in Central Africa. We tested blood samples for antibodies to the combined diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis (DTwP), the measles and the oral polio (OPV) vaccines. We enrolled 51 HIV-infected children of whom 33 were receiving ART, and 78 HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-Infected women. A lower proportion of HIV-Infected children than uninfected children had antibodies to the tested antigens with the exception of the OPV types 1 and 2. This difference was substantial for the measles vaccine (20% of the HIV-infected children and 56% of the HIV-exposed uninfected children, p<0.0001). We observed a high risk of low antibody levels for all EPI vaccines, except OPV types 1 and 2, in HIV-Infected children with severe immunodeficiency (CD4+ T cells <25%). Conclusions and Significance. Children were examined at a time when their antibody concentrations to EPI vaccines would have still not undergone significant decay. However, we showed that the antibody concentrations were lowered in HIV-Infected children. Moreover, antibody concentration after a single dose of the measles vaccine was substantially lower than expected, particularly low in HIV-infected children with low CD4+ T cell counts. This study supports the need for a second dose of the measles vaccine and for a booster dose of the DTwP and OPV vaccines to maintain the antibody concentrations in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected children. © 2007 TEJIOKEM et al.
Authors & Co-Authors
Téjiokem, Mathurin Cyrille
Cameroon, Yaounde
Centre Pasteur du Cameroun
Gouandjika, Ionela
Central African Republic, Bangui
Institut Pasteur de Bangui
Béniguel, Lydie
Central African Republic, Bangui
Institut Pasteur de Bangui
Zanga, Marie Claire Endegue
Cameroon, Yaounde
Centre Pasteur du Cameroun
Téné, Gilbert
Cameroon, Yaounde
Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation Yaounde
Gody, Jean Chrysostome
Unknown Affiliation
Njamkepo, Élisabeth
France, Paris
Institut Pasteur, Paris
Kfutwah, Anfumbom Kitu Womeyi
Cameroon, Yaounde
Centre Pasteur du Cameroun
Penda, Calixte Ida
Cameroon, Douala
Hôpital Laquintinie
Bilong, Catherine
Cameroon, Yaounde
Centre Pasteur du Cameroun
Rousset, Dominique
Cameroon, Yaounde
Centre Pasteur du Cameroun
Pouillot, R.
Cameroon, Yaounde
Centre Pasteur du Cameroun
Tangy, Fred́éric
France, Paris
Institut Pasteur, Paris
Baril, Laurence
France, Paris
Institut Pasteur, Paris
Statistics
Citations: 46
Authors: 14
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0001260
e-ISSN:
19326203
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Participants Gender
Female