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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
general
The incidence of acute respiratory infection in Indonesian infants and association with vitamin D deficiency
PLoS ONE, Volume 16, No. 3 March, Article e0248722, Year 2021
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Description
Background Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in early life, but this has not been evaluated in Indonesia. We aimed to determine the incidence of ARI in Indonesian infants, and to evaluate the association with vitamin D deficiency. Methods From 23 December 2015 to 31 December 2017, we conducted a community-based prospective cohort study in Yogyakarta province. We enrolled 422 pregnant women and followed their infants from birth until 12 months of age for ARI episodes. Vitamin D status was measured at birth and at age six months. We performed Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and pneumonia incidence. Results At study completion, 95% (400/422) of infants retained with a total of 412 child years of observation (CYO). The incidence of all ARI and of WHO-defined pneumonia was 3.89 (95% CI 3.70-4.08) and 0.25 (95% CI 0.21-0.30) episodes per CYO respectively. Vitamin D deficiency at birth was common (90%, 308/344) and associated with more frequent episodes of ARI non-pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio 4.48, 95% CI:1.04-19.34). Vitamin D status at birth or six months was not associated with subsequent pneumonia incidence, but greater maternal sun exposure during pregnancy was associated with a trend to less frequent ARI and pneumonia in infants. Conclusion ARI, pneumonia, and vitamin D deficiency at birth were common in Indonesian infants. Minimising vitamin D deficiency at birth such as by supplementation of mothers or safe sun exposure during pregnancy has the potential to reduce ARI incidence in infants in this setting. © 2021 Oktaria et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC7987198/bin/pone.0248722.s001.pdf
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC7987198/bin/pone.0248722.s002.docx
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC7987198/bin/pone.0248722.s003.docx
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC7987198/bin/pone.0248722.s004.docx
Authors & Co-Authors
Danchin, M. H.
Australia, Melbourne
Murdoch Children's Research Institute
Triasih, Rina
Indonesia, Yogyakarta
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Bines, Julie E.
Australia, Melbourne
Murdoch Children's Research Institute
Ponsonby, Anne Louise
Australia, Melbourne
Murdoch Children's Research Institute
Clarke, Michael W.
Australia, Perth
The University of Western Australia
Graham, Stephen Michael
Australia, Melbourne
Murdoch Children's Research Institute
Statistics
Citations: 23
Authors: 6
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0248722
ISSN:
19326203
Research Areas
Environmental
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Study Design
Cohort Study
Case-Control Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Participants Gender
Female