Multivariate analysis of phenotypic differentiation in Bunaji and Sokoto Gudali cattle

The study aimed at examining morphometric differentiation in two Nigerian breeds of cattle using multifactorial discriminant analyses. Ten morphological traits (withers height, rump height,chest circumference, body length, face length, tail length, rump length, head width, rump width and shoulder width) of 224 Bunaji and 87 Sokoto Gudali cattle were measured. The animals, which were aged 2.5-3.6 years, were subjected to extensive management system. The linear type traits of Sokoto Gudali cattle were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of their Bunaji counterparts, with the exception of body length and face length respectively. The stepwise discriminant analysis gave a better resolution as only three variables, rump width, withers height and face length were more discriminating in separating the two cattle breeds. The Mahalanobis distance (7.19) between the two cattle populations was high and significant, which is an indication that they belong to genetically different groups. This was complemented by the result of the Nearest Neighbour Discriminant Analysis, where 85.48% of Bunaji cattle were classified into their source population while 96.55% of their Sokoto Gudali counterparts were correctly assigned into their source genetic group. The present phenotypic information will be the basis for the establishment of further characterization, conservation and selection strategies for the two Nigerian breeds of cattle.