Evaluation of Rumex nepalensis Spreng. root extract on biochemical and histopathologic parameters of mice liver

Introduction: The Rumex nepalensis Spreng. (RN) root has various medicinal uses such as the treatment of abdominal colic, tonsillitis, arthritis, diarrhea, and infertility. The present study evaluated the subacute toxic effects of RN root extract on the histology and biochemical parameters of the liver in mice. Material and Methods: A total of 24 male and female mice were used and randomly assigned into four equal groups. Group I (control) received distilled water. Groups II, III, and IV received root extract of RN at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days, respectively. Data obtained were processed using SPSS statistical software version 20 and presented using tables and graphs, while liver sections were processed and their histopathology microscopically observed. Results: Mice treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg/day of the root extract showed no significant changes in body weight in both sexes. Males treated with 1000 mg/kg/day of the extract had significant weight reduction, while the females did not show weight change. Alanine aminotransferase serum levels were significantly increased in all mice treated with 1000 mg/kg/day of the root extract. Histopathological changes such as congestion of portal and central veins, sinusoid dilatation, and Kupffer cell proliferation were observed in the 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the root extract treated groups. Mortality was also noticed in these two groups, though not confirmed as being toxicity related. Discussion and Conclusion: Treatment with hydroalcoholic root extract of RN revealed hepatotoxic effects at 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the root extract. This shows that the consumption of high doses of RN may be hazardous.