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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Clinical and demographic characteristics of people who smoke versus inject crystalline methamphetamine in Australia: Findings from a pharmacotherapy trial
Drug and Alcohol Review, Volume 40, No. 7, Year 2021
Notification
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Description
Introduction and Aims: There has been a rapid increase in smoking crystalline methamphetamine in Australia. We compare the clinical and demographic characteristics of those who smoke versus inject the drug in a cohort of people who use methamphetamine. Design and Methods: Participants (N = 151) were dependent on methamphetamine, aged 18–60 years, enrolled in a pharmacotherapy trial for methamphetamine dependence, and reported either injecting (n = 54) or smoking (n = 97) methamphetamine. Measures included the Timeline Followback, Severity of Dependence Scale, Amphetamine Withdrawal Questionnaire, Craving Experience Questionnaire and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (symptoms of depression, hostility, psychosis and suicidality). Simultaneous regression was used to identify independent demographic correlates of smoking methamphetamine and to compare the clinical characteristics of participants who smoked versus injected. Results: Compared to participants who injected methamphetamine, those who smoked methamphetamine were younger and less likely to be unemployed, have a prison history or live alone. Participants who smoked methamphetamine used methamphetamine on more days in the past 4 weeks than participants who injected methamphetamine (26 vs. 19 days, P = 0.001); they did not differ significantly in their severity of methamphetamine dependence, withdrawal, craving or psychiatric symptoms (P > 0.05). After adjustment for demographic differences, participants who smoked had lower craving [b (SE) = −1.1 (0.5), P = 0.021] and were less likely to report psychotic symptoms [b (SE) = −1.8 (0.7), P = 0.013] or antidepressant use [b (SE) = −1.1 (0.5), P = 0.022]. Discussion and Conclusions: Smoking crystalline methamphetamine is associated with a younger less marginalised demographic profile than injecting methamphetamine, but a similarly severe clinical profile. © 2020 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs
Authors & Co-Authors
McKetin, Rebecca
Australia, Sydney
Unsw Sydney
Berk, Michael
Australia, Geelong
Deakin University
Australia, Melbourne
The Florey
Australia, Melbourne
University of Melbourne
Australia, Melbourne
Orygen Youth Health
Australia, Geelong
Barwon Health
Dean, Olívia May
Australia, Geelong
Deakin University
Australia, Melbourne
The Florey
Turner, Alyna
Australia, Geelong
Deakin University
Carter, Gregory Leigh
Australia, Callaghan
University of Newcastle, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing
Manning, Victoria C.
Australia, Clayton
Monash University
Australia
Eastern Health
Arunogiri, Shalini
Australia, Clayton
Monash University
Australia
Eastern Health
Dietze, Paul M.
Australia, Melbourne
Burnet Institute
Australia, Perth
Curtin University
Statistics
Citations: 8
Authors: 8
Affiliations: 13
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1111/dar.13183
ISSN:
09595236
Research Areas
Mental Health
Substance Abuse
Study Design
Cohort Study