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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics
Preclinical assessment of the efficacy of a new antivenom (EchiTAb-Plus-ICP
®
) for the treatment of viper envenoming in sub-Saharan Africa
Toxicon, Volume 55, No. 2-3, Year 2010
Notification
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Description
A preclinical assessment was performed on the neutralizing efficacy of a whole IgG polyspecific antivenom (EchiTAb-Plus-ICP®), designed for the treatment of snakebite envenomings in Nigeria. It was generated by immunizing horses with the venoms of Echis ocellatus, Bitis arietans and Naja nigricollis, the most medically important species in Nigeria. Antivenom was tested against the venoms of E. ocellatus, Echis leucogaster, Echis pyramidum leakeyi, B. arietans, Bitis gabonica, Bitis rhinoceros and Bitis nasicornis. The neutralization of the venom toxins responsible for the lethal, hemorrhagic, coagulant and local necrotizing activities was assessed, since these are the most significant effects that characterize envenoming by these species. Echis sp venoms exerted lethal, hemorrhagic, coagulant and necrotizing effects, whereas the Bitis sp venoms tested induced lethality, hemorrhage and necrosis, but were devoid of coagulant activity. The antivenom was effective in the neutralization of all effects tested in all venoms. Highest neutralization was achieved against the venoms of E. ocellatus and B. arietans, and the lowest neutralizing potency was against the venom of B. nasicornis, a species that has a low clinical relevance. It is concluded that EchiTAb-Plus-ICP®, whilst specifically designed for Nigeria, has a good preclinical neutralizing profile against homologous and heterologous viperid venoms from other sub-Saharan African locations. It therefore constitutes a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of snakebite envenoming in this region. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Segura, Alvaro
Costa Rica, San Jose
Universidad de Costa Rica
Villalta, Mauren
Costa Rica, San Jose
Universidad de Costa Rica
Herrera, M.
Costa Rica, San Jose
Universidad de Costa Rica
León, Guillermo
Costa Rica, San Jose
Universidad de Costa Rica
Harrison, Robert A.
United Kingdom, Liverpool
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Durfa, N.
Nigeria, Abuja
Federal Ministry of Health
Nasidi, Abdulsalami Salam
Nigeria, Abuja
Federal Ministry of Health
Calvete, Juan J.
Spain, Valencia
Csic - Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia Ibv
Theakston, Robert David Geoffrey
United Kingdom, Liverpool
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Warrell, David A.
United Kingdom, Liverpool
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
United Kingdom, Oxford
Nuffield Department of Medicine
Gutiérrez, José María Fernandez
Costa Rica, San Jose
Universidad de Costa Rica
Statistics
Citations: 69
Authors: 11
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.08.010
ISSN:
00410101
Study Locations
Nigeria