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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
earth and planetary sciences
Atmospheric nucleation: Highlights of the EUCAARI project and future directions
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 10, No. 22, Year 2010
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Description
Within the project EUCAARI (European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions), atmospheric nucleation was studied by (i) developing and testing new air ion and cluster spectrometers, (ii) conducting homogeneous nucleation experiments for sulphate and organic systems in the laboratory, (iii) investigating atmospheric nucleation mechanism under field conditions, and (iv) applying new theoretical and modelling tools for data interpretation and development of parameterisations. The current paper provides a synthesis of the obtained results and identifies the remaining major knowledge gaps related to atmospheric nucleation. The most important technical achievement of the project was the development of new instruments for measuring sub-3 nm particle populations, along with the extensive application of these instruments in both the laboratory and the field. All the results obtained during EUCAARI indicate that sulphuric acid plays a central role in atmospheric nucleation. However, also vapours other than sulphuric acid are needed to explain the nucleation and the subsequent growth processes, at least in continental boundary layers. Candidate vapours in this respect are some organic compounds, ammonia, and especially amines. Both our field and laboratory data demonstrate that the nucleation rate scales to the first or second power of the nucleating vapour concentration(s). This agrees with the few earlier field observations, but is in stark contrast with classical thermodynamic nucleation theories. The average formation rates of 2-nm particles were found to vary by almost two orders of magnitude between the different EUCAARI sites, whereas the formation rates of charged 2-nm particles varied very little between the sites. Overall, our observations are indicative of frequent, yet moderate, ion-induced nucleation usually outweighed by much stronger neutral nucleation events in the continental lower troposphere. The most concrete outcome of the EUCAARI nucleation studies are the new semi-empirical nucleation rate parameterizations based on field observations, along with updated aerosol formation parameterizations. © 2010 Author(s).
Authors & Co-Authors
Kerminen, Veli Matti
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Finland, Helsinki
Finnish Meteorological Institute
Petäj̈ä, Tuukka
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Manninen, Hanna Elina
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Paasonen, Pauli J.
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Nieminen, Tuomo
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Sipilä, Mikko
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Junninen, Heikki
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Ehn, Mikael
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Gagné, Stéphanie
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Laakso, Lauri
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Riipinen, Ilona
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Vehkamäki, Hanna
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Kurtén, Theo
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Ortega, I. K.
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Dal Maso, Miikka
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Germany, Mainz
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Brus, D.
Finland, Helsinki
Finnish Meteorological Institute
Hyvärinen, Antti Pekka
Finland, Helsinki
Finnish Meteorological Institute
Lihavainen, Heikki
Finland, Helsinki
Finnish Meteorological Institute
Leppä, J.
Finland, Helsinki
Finnish Meteorological Institute
J. Lehtinen, K. E.
Finland, Helsinki
Finnish Meteorological Institute
United States, Boulder
The Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory
Mirme, Aadu
Estonia, Tartu
Tartu Ülikool
Mirme, Sander
Estonia, Tartu
Tartu Ülikool
Hõrrak, Urmas
Estonia, Tartu
Tartu Ülikool
Berndt, Torsten
Switzerland, Villigen
Paul Scherrer Institut
Stratmann, Frank
Switzerland, Villigen
Paul Scherrer Institut
Birmili, Wolfram
Switzerland, Villigen
Paul Scherrer Institut
Wiedensohler, Alfred
Switzerland, Villigen
Paul Scherrer Institut
Metzger, A.
Germany, Offenbach
Deutscher Wetterdienst
Dommen, J.
Germany, Offenbach
Deutscher Wetterdienst
Baltensperger, Urs
Germany, Offenbach
Deutscher Wetterdienst
Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid
Germany, Mainz
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Mentel, Thomas F.
Germany, Mainz
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Wildt, Juergen
Germany, Mainz
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
Winkler, Paul Martin
Finland, Kuopio
Itä-suomen Yliopisto
Wagner, Paul E.
Finland, Kuopio
Itä-suomen Yliopisto
Petzold, Andreas
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Minikin, Andreas
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Plaß-Dülmer, Christian
United States, Pittsburgh
Carnegie Mellon University
Pöschl, Ulrich
Austria, Innsbruck
Ionicon Analytik Gmbh
Laaksonen, Ari
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
United States, Boulder
The Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory
Kulmala, Markku
Finland, Helsinki
Helsingin Yliopisto
Statistics
Citations: 41
Authors: 41
Affiliations: 11
Identifiers
Doi:
10.5194/acp-10-10829-2010
ISSN:
16807316
e-ISSN:
16807324
Research Areas
Environmental