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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Haematological changes in African children who received short-term prophylaxis with nevirapine and zidovudine at birth
Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, Volume 24, No. 4, Year 2004
Notification
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Description
We ssessed the safety of short-term antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV by monitoring haematological changes in children up to the age of 18 months. Babies of HIV-infected women were randomised at birth to receive a single dose of nevirapine (NVP) alone or with zidovudine (ZDV) twice daily for a week. Based on the time of presentation to the labour ward, mothers of these babies might or might not have received intrapartum NVP. Complete blood counts were performed at birth and at 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months. Babies' HIV status was determined by HIV-1 RNA testing. A total of 1755 babies were included in the study. Age-specific mean haemoglobin levels and prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin < 10 g/dL) were not significantly different in cases where only the babies received a single dose of NVP and cases where NVP was given to mother/infant pairs or additional ZDV to the baby. Among HIV-infected children compared with uninfected children, the age-specific frequency of anaemia was significantly greater, anaemia started earlier and recovery to normal levels was slower and prolonged. A reversible granulocytopenia was observed in all children between 1.5 and 3 months of age. HIV infection significantly increased the children's risk of death. Antiretroviral prophylaxis appeared to protect against anaemia and child death. Short regimens of antiretrovirals to prevent MTCT of HIV are not associated with long-term adverse haematological changes. © 2004 The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.
Authors & Co-Authors
Taha, Taha E.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Kumwenda, Newton I.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Kafulafula, George
Malawi, Zomba
University of Malawi
Kumwenda, Johnstone J.
Malawi, Zomba
University of Malawi
Chitale, Rohit
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Nkhoma, Chiwawa M.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
Katundu, Pauline
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
Mukiibi, Joshua M.
Malawi, Zomba
University of Malawi
Chen, Shu
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Hoover, Donald R.
United States, Piscataway
Department of Statistics and Biostatistics
Broadhead, Robin L.
Malawi, Zomba
University of Malawi
Statistics
Citations: 22
Authors: 11
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1179/027249304225019127
ISSN:
02724936
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Participants Gender
Female