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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
agricultural and biological sciences
Origin and biology of simian immunodeficiency virus in wild-living western gorillas
Journal of Virology, Volume 83, No. 4, Year 2009
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Description
Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are infected with a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVgor) that is closely related to chimpanzee and human immunodeficiency viruses (SIVcpz and HIV-1, respectively) in west central Africa. Although existing data suggest a chimpanzee origin for SIVgor, a paucity of available sequences has precluded definitive conclusions. Here, we report the molecular characterization of one partial (BQ664) and three full-length (CP684, CP2135, and CP2139) SIVgor genomes amplified from fecal RNAs of wild-living gorillas at two field sites in Cameroon. Phylogenetic analyses showed that all SIVgor strains clustered together, forming a monophyletic lineage throughout their genomes. Interestingly, the closest relatives of SIVgor were not SIVcpzPtt strains from west central African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) but human viruses belonging to HIV-1 group O. In trees derived from most genomic regions, SIVgor and HIV-1 group O formed a sister clade to the SIVcpzPtt lineage. However, in a tree derived from 5′ pol sequences (∼900 bp), SIVgor and HIV-1 group O fell within the SIVcpzPtt radiation. The latter was due to two SIVcpzPtt strains that contained mosaic pol sequences, pointing to the existence of a divergent SIVcpzPtt lineage that gave rise to SIVgor and HIV-1 group O. Gorillas appear to have acquired this lineage at least 100 to 200 years ago. To examine the biological properties of SIVgor, we synthesized a full-length provirus from fecal consensus sequences. Transfection of the resulting clone (CP2139.287) into 293T cells yielded infectious virus that replicated efficiently in both human and chimpanzee CD4+ T cells and used CCR5 as the coreceptor for viral entry. Together, these results provide strong evidence that P. t. troglodytes apes were the source of SIVgor. These same apes may also have spawned the group O epidemic; however, the possibility that gorillas served as an intermediary host cannot be excluded. Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2643789/bin/supp_83_4_1635__index.html
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC2643789/bin/supp_83_4_1635__Table_S1_S4_Revision_120208.zip
Authors & Co-Authors
Takehisa, Jun
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Kraus, Matthias H.
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Ayouba, Ahidjo
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Bailes, Elizabeth
United Kingdom, Nottingham
University of Nottingham
van Heuverswyn, Fran
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Decker, Julie M.
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Li, Yingying
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Rudicell, Rebecca S.
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Learn, Gerald H.
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Néel, Cécile
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Cameroon, Yaounde
Projet Prevention du Sida au Cameroun Presica
Ngole, Eitel Mpoudi
Cameroon, Yaounde
Projet Prevention du Sida au Cameroun Presica
Shaw, George M.
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Peeters, Martine F.
France, Montpellier
Ird Centre de Montpellier
Sharp, Paul M.
United Kingdom, Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh
Hahn, Beatrice H.
United States, Birmingham
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Statistics
Citations: 143
Authors: 15
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1128/JVI.02311-08
ISSN:
0022538X
Research Areas
Cancer
Infectious Diseases
Study Locations
Cameroon