Chest radiographic findings in childhood lipoid pneumonia following aspiration of animal fat

The pulmonary radiological manifestations of lipoid pneumonia following a cultural practice of forced feeding of rendered animal fat (ghee) in 24 Saudi children are described. The age range is 15 days to 11 years with 68% of cases being in infancy. The chest radiographic appearances encountered could be grouped into four broad patterns, viz, bilateral multilobar consolidations (BMLC) in 50% (12 cases), bilateral perihilar infiltrates (BPHI) with or without associated lobar consolidation in 21% (five cases), right perihilar infiltrates (RPHI) in 21% (five cases) and unilateral right multilobar consolidation (RMLC) 8% (two cases). The pneumoniae were non-resolving acute or chronic lung consolidations despite the usual antimicrobial chemotherapy. Associated nodular dense opacities (granulomas) were seen in the lower lobes of four of the 12 cases in the first group. Complications, seen also in this first group, included chronic collapse consolidation, fibrosis and death in three cases. In communities where the traditional practice of infant feeding with ghee exists, these pulmonary radiological patterns, although in some cases indistinguishable from those of bacterial pneumoniae, should raise the suspicion of ghee administration with consequent early diagnosis and energetic management to avert prolonged morbidity and potential death. © 1993.