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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Volume 19, No. 4, Year 2019
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Description
Background: Efforts to quantify the global burden of enteric fever are valuable for understanding the health lost and the large-scale spatial distribution of the disease. We present the estimates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever burden from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, and the approach taken to produce them. Methods: For this systematic analysis we broke down the relative contributions of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers by country, year, and age, and analysed trends in incidence and mortality. We modelled the combined incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers and split these total cases proportionally between typhoid and paratyphoid fevers using aetiological proportion models. We estimated deaths using vital registration data for countries with sufficiently high data completeness and using a natural history approach for other locations. We also estimated disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. Findings: Globally, 14·3 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 12·5–16·3) cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers occurred in 2017, a 44·6% (42·2–47·0) decline from 25·9 million (22·0–29·9) in 1990. Age-standardised incidence rates declined by 54·9% (53·4–56·5), from 439·2 (376·7–507·7) per 100 000 person-years in 1990, to 197·8 (172·0–226·2) per 100 000 person-years in 2017. In 2017, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi caused 76·3% (71·8–80·5) of cases of enteric fever. We estimated a global case fatality of 0·95% (0·54–1·53) in 2017, with higher case fatality estimates among children and older adults, and among those living in lower-income countries. We therefore estimated 135·9 thousand (76·9–218·9) deaths from typhoid and paratyphoid fever globally in 2017, a 41·0% (33·6–48·3) decline from 230·5 thousand (131·2–372·6) in 1990. Overall, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers were responsible for 9·8 million (5·6–15·8) DALYs in 2017, down 43·0% (35·5–50·6) from 17·2 million (9·9–27·8) DALYs in 1990. Interpretation: Despite notable progress, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers remain major causes of disability and death, with billions of people likely to be exposed to the pathogens. Although improvements in water and sanitation remain essential, increased vaccine use (including with typhoid conjugate vaccines that are effective in infants and young children and protective for longer periods) and improved data and surveillance to inform vaccine rollout are likely to drive the greatest improvements in the global burden of the disease. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC6437314/bin/mmc1.pdf
Authors & Co-Authors
Stanaway, Jeffrey D.
Unknown Affiliation
Reiner, Robert Charles
Unknown Affiliation
Blacker, Brigette F.
Unknown Affiliation
Goldberg, Ellen M.
Unknown Affiliation
Troeger, Christopher E.
Unknown Affiliation
Andrews, Jason Randolph
Unknown Affiliation
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
Unknown Affiliation
Crump, John A.
Unknown Affiliation
Im, Justin
Unknown Affiliation
Marks, Florian
Unknown Affiliation
Mintz, Eric Daniel
Unknown Affiliation
Park, Seeun
Unknown Affiliation
Zaidi, Anita Kaniz Mehdi
Unknown Affiliation
Abebe, Zegeye
Unknown Affiliation
Negesse, Ayenew
Unknown Affiliation
Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
Unknown Affiliation
Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir
Unknown Affiliation
Amare, Azmeraw T.
Unknown Affiliation
Atalay, Hagos Tasew
Unknown Affiliation
Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur
Unknown Affiliation
Bacha, Umar
Unknown Affiliation
Barac, Aleksandra M.
Unknown Affiliation
Bedi, Neeraj
Unknown Affiliation
Berhane, Adugnaw
Unknown Affiliation
Browne, Annie J.
Unknown Affiliation
Chitheer, Abdulaal
Unknown Affiliation
Dolecek, Christiane
Unknown Affiliation
Zaki, Maysaa El S.
Unknown Affiliation
Eshrati, Babak
Unknown Affiliation
Foreman, Kyle J.
Unknown Affiliation
Gemechu, Abdella
Unknown Affiliation
Gupta, Rahul
Unknown Affiliation
Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa
Unknown Affiliation
Henok, Andualem
Unknown Affiliation
Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw
Unknown Affiliation
Hoang, Chi Linh
Unknown Affiliation
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
Unknown Affiliation
Kahsay, Amaha
Unknown Affiliation
Kasaeian, Amir
Unknown Affiliation
Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale
Unknown Affiliation
Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
Unknown Affiliation
Khang, Young-ho
Unknown Affiliation
Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan
Unknown Affiliation
Melku, Mulugeta
Unknown Affiliation
Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese
Unknown Affiliation
Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin
Unknown Affiliation
Mohammed, Shafiu Abdullah
Unknown Affiliation
Mokdad, Ali H.I.
Unknown Affiliation
Nachega, J. B.
Unknown Affiliation
Naheed, Aliya
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Nguyen, Cuong Tat
Unknown Affiliation
Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
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Nguyen, Trang Huyen Thi
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Niriayo, Yirga Legesse
Unknown Affiliation
Pang, Tikki Pangestu
Unknown Affiliation
Patton, George C.
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Qorbani, Mostafa
Unknown Affiliation
Rai, Rajesh Kumar
Unknown Affiliation
Rana, Saleem Muhammad M.
Unknown Affiliation
Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
Unknown Affiliation
Roba, Kedir Teji
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Roberts, Nicholas L.S.
Unknown Affiliation
Rubino, Salvatore
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Safiri, Saeid
Unknown Affiliation
Sartorius, Benn
Unknown Affiliation
Sawhney, Monika S.
Unknown Affiliation
Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay
Unknown Affiliation
Smith, David L.
Unknown Affiliation
Sykes, Bryan Ltza
Unknown Affiliation
Tran, Bach Xuan
Unknown Affiliation
Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna
Unknown Affiliation
Vu, Giang T.
Unknown Affiliation
Weldegebreal, Fitsum
Unknown Affiliation
Yenit, Melaku Kindie
Unknown Affiliation
Murray, Christopher J.L.
Unknown Affiliation
Hay, Simon I.
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 375
Authors: 76
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30685-6
ISSN:
14733099
Research Areas
Disability
Environmental
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Violence And Injury
Study Design
Cohort Study
Study Approach
Systematic review