Decongestive effects of levosimendan in cardiogenic shock induced by postpartum cardiomyopathy

Background Catecholamines and/or levosimendan have been proposed for haemodynamic restoration during cardiogenic shock (CS). In CS induced by post-partum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), levosimendan might be particularly favourable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the haemodynamic and echocardiographic effects of levosimendan in patients with CS, in particular in patients with PPCM-induced CS. Methods Twenty-eight patients with refractory CS were retrospectively included in the study. Among them, a cohort of 8 women with PPCM-induced CS was included. All patients were treated with levosimendan (loading dose followed by a continuous infusion for 24 h) and were invasively monitored, including a pulmonary artery catheter, for 48 hours. Echocardiographic measurements were performed at baseline and during follow-up. Results Significant improvements in haemodynamic parameters were observed 48 h after starting levosimendan. The cardiac index increased (+1.2 ± 0.6 L/min, P < 0.001) and filling pressures decreased (pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, PAOP: −11.2 ± 4.3 mmHg, P < 0.001; right-atrial pressure, RAP: −6.1 ± 4.9 mmHg, P < 0.001). The left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher at 48 h compared to baseline (38% [34–46%] versus 27% [22–30%], P < 0.001). Despite similar characteristics at baseline, in the subgroup of patients with PPCM, more profound decongestive effects at 48 hours were observed: PAOP (13 ± 2 versus 17 ± 4 mmHg, P = 0.007) and RAP (12 ± 4 versus 17 ± 4 mmHg, P = 0.006) were significantly lower in the PPCM subgroup compared to the non-PPCM subgroup. Conclusions Haemodynamics and left-ventricular ejection fraction rapidly improved after treatment with levosimendan. In patients with PPCM-induced CS, a more profound reduction of congestion was observed.