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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Risk factors for myocardial infarction in women and men: Insights from the INTERHEART study
European Heart Journal, Volume 29, No. 7, Year 2008
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Description
Aims: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death among men and women globally. Women develop CHD about 10 years later than men, yet the reasons for this are unclear. The purpose of this report is to determine if differences in risk factor distributions exist between women and men across various age categories to help explain why women develop acute MI later than men. Methods and results: We used the INTERHEART global case-control study including 27 098 participants from 52 countries, 6787 of whom were women. The median age of first acute MI was higher in women than men (65 vs. 56 years; P < 0.0001). Nine modifiable risk factors were associated with MI in women and men. Hypertension [2.95(2.66 -3.28) vs. 2.32(2.16-2.48)], diabetes [4.26(3.68-4.94) vs. 2.67(2.43-2.94), physical activity [0.48(0.41-0.57) vs. 0.77(0.71-0.83)], and moderate alcohol use [0.41(0.34-0.50) vs. 0.88(0.82-0.94)] were more strongly associated with MI among women than men. The association of abnormal lipids, current smoking, abdominal obesity, high risk diet, and psychosocial stress factors with MI was similar in women and men. Risk factors associations were generally stronger among younger individuals compared to older women and men. The population attributable risk (PAR) of all nine risk factors exceeded 94%, and was similar among women and men (96 vs. 93%). Men were significantly more likely to suffer a MI prior to 60 years of age than were women, however, after adjusting for levels of risk factors, the sex difference in the probability of MI cases occurring before the age of 60 years was reduced by more than 80%. Conclusion: Women experience their first acute MI on average 9 years later than men. Nine modifiable risk factors are significantly associated with acute MI in both men and women and explain greater than 90% of the PAR. The difference in age of first MI is largely explained by the higher risk factor levels at younger ages in men compared to women. © The Author 2008.
Authors & Co-Authors
Anand, Sonia S.
Canada, Hamilton
Population Health Research Institute, Ontario
Canada, Hamilton
Hamilton General Hospital
Canada, Hamilton
Mcmaster University
Islam, Shofiqul
Canada, Hamilton
Population Health Research Institute, Ontario
Canada, Hamilton
Hamilton General Hospital
Canada, Hamilton
Mcmaster University
Rosengren, Annika H.
Sweden, Gothenburg
Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset
Franzosi, Maria Grazia
Italy, Milan
Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
Steyn, Krisela
South Africa, Cape Town
University of Cape Town
Yusufali, Afzal Hussein
United Arab Emirates, Dubai
Dubai Hospital
Keltai, Mátyás
Hungary, Budapest
Gottsegen Gyorgy Orszagos Kardiologiai Intezet
Díaz, Rafaël J.
Argentina, Rosario
Estudios Clínicos Latinoamérica, Argentina
Rangarajan, Sumathy
Canada, Hamilton
Population Health Research Institute, Ontario
Canada, Hamilton
Hamilton General Hospital
Canada, Hamilton
Mcmaster University
Yusuf, Salim N.
Canada, Hamilton
Population Health Research Institute, Ontario
Canada, Hamilton
Hamilton General Hospital
Canada, Hamilton
Mcmaster University
Statistics
Citations: 812
Authors: 10
Affiliations: 9
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/eurheartj/ehn018
ISSN:
0195668X
e-ISSN:
15229645
Research Areas
Noncommunicable Diseases
Substance Abuse
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Case-Control Study
Participants Gender
Male
Female