To identify industry 4.0 and circular economy adoption barriers in the agriculture supply chain by using ISM-ANP

With increasing globalization and digitalization, agricultural organizations have started changing their business processes. Agri-organization has begun to adopt technologies to get a more sophisticated, customer-centric, and sustainable supply chain. Although the introduction of interconnected new technologies and the concept of circular economy (CE) present numerous challenges, it has proved its value in the industrial sector to achieve a sustainability target. This study identifies Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and CE adoption barriers in the agriculture supply chain (ASC) in India. The study was extended to ascertain the contextual relationship among the barriers and to prioritize them with respect to one another. The 11 barriers with their key elements were enlisted after thorough literature analysis and interaction with experts. The barriers were modeled through an integrated ISM-ANP approach. The study indicates that lack of government support and incentives and lack of policies and protocols are significant obstacles to implementing the I4.0-CE model. The findings of the current research work will be beneficial for the agri supply chain stakeholders in preparing the strategic deployment of I4.0-CE. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd