Cracks are one of the worsening reasons for concrete failure, which permits the penetration of chemical solutions and could significantly impact the physical, mechanical, and durability characteristics of concrete buildings. To protect, heal and assimilate concrete structures, numerous coating materials, binding materials, and adhesives have been generally exercised. Though these methods are highly appropriate, because of their different essential procedure, critical issues, for instance, lack of effectiveness in cost and delamination, have caused the exploration of substitute procedures for sealing cracks and self-healing concrete. One of the newer self-healing methods is employing bacterial material modified with precipitation of calcite in concrete mixes to fill or heal cracking in concrete. In this method, the mineralization of bacteria is carried out via the decomposition of calcium and urea to form calcium carbonate, which could fill the cracking. To review the methods for this kind of precipitation, the present paper aims to offer an in-depth study of precipitation of calcium carbonate, physical, mechanical, and durability characteristics, and micro-structure performance of concrete. One hundred fifty articles were studied to perform the present study. Their results have been presented about the dose and type of bacteria and its impact on strength and durability characteristics. The present study shows that bio-mineralization largely relies on several factors, for instance, the preservation of bacterial cells and the application procedure. Furthermore, the impact of bacterial material on the environment is observed to be straight related to the proportion of urea in concrete mixes.
