Thermodynamical formulation for coupled electromechanical hysteresis effects-II. Poling of ceramics

In this work, we use the model developed in Part I [1] to deduce a consistent set of thermodynamical relations for the description of the poling of ceramics. With the appropriate identifications, these relations can be considered as a thermodynamical basis for Chen's theory which did not rely on thermodynamics. Time-dependent effects (akin to viscosity) and rate-independent effects (like in the mechanical behaviour known as "plasticity") are investigated. An integrodifferential equation for the density of aligned dipoles is obtained. Some simple experimental methods are suggested for the determination of the different material coefficients introduced in the modeling. © 1988.