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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
environmental science
The exposure of infants and children to carbon monoxide from biomass fuels in the Gambia: A measurement and modeling study
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, Volume 22, No. 2, Year 2012
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Description
Smoke from biomass fuels is a risk factor for pneumonia, the leading cause of child death worldwide. Although particulate matter (PM) is the metric of choice for studying the health effects of biomass smoke, measuring children's PM exposure is difficult. Carbon monoxide (CO), which is easier to measure, can be used as a proxy for PM exposure. We measured the exposure of children 5 years of age in The Gambia to CO using small, passive, color stain diffusion tubes. We conducted multiple CO measurements on a subset of children to measure day-to-day exposure variability. Usual CO exposure was modeled using a mixed effects model, which also included individual and household level exposure predictors. Mean measured CO exposure for 1181 children (n2263 measurements) was 1.041.46 p.p.m., indicating that the Gambian children in this study on average have a relatively low CO exposure. However, 25% of children had exposures of 1.3 p.p.m. or higher. CO exposure was higher during the rainy months (1.331.62 p.p.m.). Burning insect coils, using charcoal, and measurement done in the rainy season were associated with higher exposure. A parsimonious model with fuel, season, and other PM sources as covariates explained 39% of between-child variation in exposure and helped remove within-child variability. © 2012 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Dionisio, Kathie L.
Unknown Affiliation
Howie, Stephen R.C.
Unknown Affiliation
Dominici, Francesca
Unknown Affiliation
Fornace, Kimberly M.
Unknown Affiliation
Spengler, John D.
Unknown Affiliation
Donkor, Simon A.
Unknown Affiliation
Chimah, Osaretin U.
Unknown Affiliation
Oluwalana, Claire
Unknown Affiliation
Ideh, Readon C.
Unknown Affiliation
Ebruke, Bernard Ese
Unknown Affiliation
Adegbola, Richard A.
Unknown Affiliation
Ezzati, Majid Hassanpour
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 39
Authors: 12
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1038/jes.2011.47
ISSN:
15590631
e-ISSN:
1559064X
Research Areas
Environmental
Maternal And Child Health
Study Locations
Gambia