Implementation challenges of an integrated One Health surveillance system in humanitarian settings: A qualitative study in Palestine

Objectives: Several factors have changed interactions between people, animals, plants, and the environment – renewing the relevance of the One Health surveillance system in the fight against zoonotic diseases such as COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to explore barriers to implementing an integrated One Health surveillance system in Palestine. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted from April 2020 until August 2020. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides. Seven key stakeholders were interviewed during data collection. A thematic analysis was performed. Results: Four overarching themes emerged explaining barriers to integrated implementation of the One Health surveillance system. They are lack of policy coherence, limited financial resources, poor governance and leadership, and lack of One Health training programmes. Conclusion: Improved understanding of the transmission and effective control (including One Health approach) of zoonotic disease and better governance and leadership are critical in the diseases that threaten public health, such as the COVID-19.