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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology
Inflammatory phenotype modulation in the respiratory tract and systemic circulation of e-cigarette users: a pilot study
American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Volume 321, No. 6, Year 2021
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Description
Over 40 million people use e-cigarettes worldwide, but the impact of chronic e-cigarette use on health has not been adequately defined. In particular, effects of e-cigarette aerosol inhalation on inflammation and host defenses across the body are not fully understood. We conducted a longitudinal cohort pilot study to explore changes in the inflammatory state and monocyte function of e-cigarette users (n = 20) versus healthy controls (n = 13) and to evaluate effects of e-cigarette use reduction on the same. Saliva, sputum, and blood were obtained from e-cigarette users at baseline and after a 2-wk intervention of decreased e-cigarette use. Overall, across 38 proteins quantified by multiplex, airway samples from e-cigarette users tended to have decreased levels of immunomodulatory proteins relative to healthy controls, whereas levels of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in the circulation tended to be elevated. Specifically, e-cigarette users had lower levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in saliva (P < 0.0001), with higher IL-1Ra and growth-regulated oncogene (GRO) levels in sputum (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively), and higher levels of both TNFb (P < 0.0001) and VEGF (P < 0.0001) in plasma. Circulating monocytes from e-cigarette users had alterations in their inflammatory phenotype in response to reduced e-cigarette use, with blunted IL-8 and IL-6 release upon challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively), suggesting a decreased ability to appropriately respond to bacterial infection. Based on these findings, chronic inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols alters the inflammatory state of the airways and systemic circulation, raising concern for the development of both inflammatory and infectious diseases in chronic users of e-cigarettes. © 2021 American Physiological Society. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Sayed, Ibrahim Mohamoud
United States, La Jolla
University of California, San Diego
Moshensky, Alexander
United States, San Diego
Va San Diego Healthcare System
United States, La Jolla
University of California, San Diego
Bojanowski, Christine M.
United States, New Orleans
Tulane University
Das, Soumita
United States, La Jolla
University of California, San Diego
Crotty-Alexander, Laura E.
United States, San Diego
Va San Diego Healthcare System
United States, La Jolla
University of California, San Diego
Statistics
Citations: 4
Authors: 5
Affiliations: 3
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1152/ajplung.00363.2021
ISSN:
10400605
Research Areas
Substance Abuse
Study Design
Randomised Control Trial
Cohort Study