How to optimize recruitment strategies of patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases for online surveys: experience from an international study

The use of online surveys as a recruitment tool for clinical research has recently expanded; nevertheless, optimal recruitment strategies remain poorly identified. Objectives. The study aimed to identify the most effective recruitment strategies for online research studies and to determine the optimal survey channels for obtaining patients’ responses. This is a post-hoc analysis of the ARCOVAX (ArLAR COVID Vaccination) study. Multiple recruitment strategies were disseminated in Arabic, English, and French. The proportion of enrolled patients was correlated with each strategy. Channels used by patients to complete the survey were divided into three categories (social media (SoMe), doctor, and patients’ associations). These channels were correlated with the patients’ characteristics and the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). A total of 1595 patients from 19 Arab countries completed the survey. Patients’ mean age was 39 years, 73.2% (1159) were females, 17.8% (284) had a university education level and 93.1% (1468) answered the survey in Arabic. The most effective recruitment strategies were personalized WhatsApp reminders to recruiters (30% of enrolled patients), technical support in response to access issues (27%) and sharing recruitment status by country on a WhatsApp group (24%). The channels used to complete the survey were: SoMe in 45% (711), doctor in 40% (647), and patients’ associations in 8.5% (233), and correlated with age and GDP. To optimize recruitment, it is recommended to combine multiple strategies and channels, use the native language and be active (mobilize teams), reactive (provide prompt technical support), and proactive (share regular updates and reminders).