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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Low HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in Bulgaria against a background of high clade diversity
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 70, No. 6, Year 2014
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Description
Objectives: To determine transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and HIV-1 genetic diversity in Bulgaria. Methods: The prevalence of TDR and HIV-1 subtypes was determined in 305/1446 (21.1%) persons newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS from 1988 to 2011. TDR mutations (TDRMs) in protease and reverse transcriptase were defined using the WHO HIV drug mutation list. Phylogenetic analysis was used to infer polymerase (pol) genotype. Results: TDRMswere found in 16/305 (5.2%) persons, 11 (3.6%) with resistance to NRTIs, 5 (1.6%) with resistance to NNRTIs and 3 (0.9%) with resistance to PIs. Dual-class TDRMs were found in three (1.0%) patients and one statistically supported cluster of TDRMs comprising two individuals with subtype B infection. TDRMs were found in 10 heterosexuals, 4 MSM and two intravenous drug users. Phylogenetic analyses identified high HIV-1 diversity consisting of mostly subtype B (44.6%), subtype C (3.3%), sub-subtype A1 (2.6%), sub-subtype F1 (2.3%), sub-subtype A-like (3.6%), subtype G (0.3%), CRF14_BG (1.6%), CRF05_DF (1.3%), CRF03_AB (0.3%) and unique recombinant forms (1.3%). Conclusions:We found a low prevalence of TDR against a background of high HIV-1 genetic diversity among antiretroviral- naive patients in Bulgaria. Our results provide baseline data on TDR and support continued surveillance of high-risk populations in Bulgaria to better target treatment and prevention efforts. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Alexiev, Ivailo
Bulgaria, Sofia
National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Bulgaria
Shankar, Anupama
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Wensing, Annemarie Marie J.
Netherlands, Utrecht
University Medical Center Utrecht
Beshkov, Danail
Bulgaria, Sofia
National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Bulgaria
Elenkov, Ivaylo I.
Unknown Affiliation
Nikolova, Maria H.
Bulgaria, Sofia
National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Bulgaria
Switzer, William M.
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Statistics
Citations: 20
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 5
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/jac/dkv011
ISSN:
03057453
Research Areas
Cancer
Genetics And Genomics
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study