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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
general
Degassing Lakes Nyos and Monoun: Defusing certain disaster
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Volume 102, No. 40, Year 2005
Notification
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Description
Since the catastrophic releases of CO2 in the 1980s, Lakes Nyos and Monoun in Cameroon experienced CO2 recharge at alarming rates of up to 80 mol/m2 per yr. Total gas pressures reached 8.3 and 15.6 bar in Monoun (2003) and Nyos (2001), respectively, resulting in gas saturation levels up to 97%. These natural hazards are distinguished by the potential for mitigation to prevent future disasters. Controlled degassing was initiated at Nyos (2001) and Monoun (2003) amid speculation it could inadvertently destabilize the lakes and trigger another gas burst. Our measurements indicate that water column structure has not been compromised by the degassing and local stability is increasing in the zones of degassing. Furthermore, gas content has been reduced in the lakes ≈12-14%. However, as gas is removed, the pressure at pipe inlets is reduced, and the removal rate will decrease over time. Based on 12 years of limnological measurements we developed a model of future removal rates and gas inventory, which predicts that in Monoun the current pipe will remove ≈30% of the gas remaining before the natural gas recharge balances the removal rate. In Nyos the single pipe will remove ≈25% of the gas remaining by 2015; this slow removal extends the present risk to local populations. More pipes and continued vigilance are required to reduce the risk of repeat disasters. Our model indicates that 75-99% of the gas remaining would be removed by 2010 with two pipes in Monoun and five pipes in Nyos, substantially reducing the risks. © 2005 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA.
Available Materials
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC1242283/bin/pnas_0502274102_index.html
https://efashare.b-cdn.net/share/pmc/articles/PMC1242283/bin/pnas_0502274102_1.pdf
Authors & Co-Authors
Kling, George W.
United States, Ann Arbor
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Evans, William C.
United States, Menlo Park
United States Geological Survey Western Region
Tanyileke, Gregory Z.
Cameroon, Yaounde
Institute for Geological and Mining Research
Kusakabe, Minoru
Japan, Okayama
Okayama University
Ohba, Takeshi
Japan, Tokyo
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Yoshida, Yutaka
Japan, Morioka
Yoshida Consulting Engineer Office
Hell, Joseph Victor
Cameroon, Yaounde
Institute for Geological and Mining Research
Statistics
Citations: 100
Authors: 7
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1073/pnas.0502274102
ISSN:
00278424
Research Areas
Environmental
Study Approach
Qualitative
Study Locations
Cameroon