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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Randomized trial of type 1 and type 3 oral monovalent poliovirus vaccines in Newborns in Africa
Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 205, No. 2, Year 2012
Notification
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Description
Background. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative aims to eradicate wild poliovirus by the end of 2012. Therefore, more-immunogenic polio vaccines, including monovalent oral poliovirus vaccines (mOPVs), are needed for supplemental immunization activities. This trial assessed the immunogenicity of monovalent types 1 and 3, compared with that of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV), in South Africa. Methods. We conducted a blinded, randomized, 4-arm controlled trial comparing the immunogenicity of a single dose of mOPV1 (from 2 manufacturers) and mOPV3 (from 1 manufacturer), given at birth, with the immunogenicity of tOPV. Results. Eight hundred newborns were enrolled; 762 (95%) were included in the analysis. At 30 days after vaccine administration, seroconversion to poliovirus type 1 was 73.4% and 76.4% in the 2 mOPV1 arms, compared with 39.1% in the tOPV arm (P <. 0000001), and seroconversion to poliovirus type 3 was 58.0% in the mOPV3 arm, compared with 21.2% in the tOPV arm (P <. 0000001). The vaccines were well tolerated, and no adverse events were attributed to trial interventions. Conclusion. A dose of mOPV1 or mOPV3 at birth was superior to that of tOPV in inducing type-specific seroconversion in this sub-Saharan African population. Our results support continued use of mOPVs in supplemental immunization activities in countries where poliovirus types 1 or 3 circulate.Clinical Trials Registration.ISRCTN18107202. © 2011 The Author.
Authors & Co-Authors
Waggie, Zainab
South Africa, Observatory
Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine
Geldenhuys, Hennie D.
South Africa, Observatory
South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative
Sutter, Roland Walter
Switzerland, Geneva
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Jacks, Mariana
South Africa, Observatory
South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative
Mulenga, Humphrey
South Africa, Observatory
South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative
Mahomed, Hassan
South Africa, Observatory
South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative
de Kock, Marwou
South Africa, Observatory
South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative
Hanekom, Willem Albert
South Africa, Observatory
South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative
Pallansch, Mark A.
United States, Atlanta
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Kahn, Anna Léa
Switzerland, Geneva
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Burton, Anthony H.
Switzerland, Geneva
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Sreevatsava, Meghana
Switzerland, Geneva
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé
Hussey, Greg Dudley
South Africa, Observatory
Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine
Statistics
Citations: 13
Authors: 13
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1093/infdis/jir721
ISSN:
00221899
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Study Locations
South Africa