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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Trichomonas vaginalis infection and human immunodeficiency virus acquisition in African women
Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 197, No. 4, Year 2008
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Description
Background. Trichomoniasis vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence in regions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) endemicity. However, its impact as a cofactor for HIV acquisition is poorly understood. Methods. Samples from 213 women who experienced HIV seroconversion (cases) during a longitudinal study involving 4450 women in Uganda and Zimbabwe were matched with samples from HIV-uninfected women (controls). All samples underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for Trichomonas vaginalis DNA. For cases, analyzed samples were from the visit in which HIV seroconversion was detected and the visit preceding detection of seroconversion; for controls, one analyzed sample was from the visit matched by follow-up duration to the cases' seroconversion visit, and the other sample was from the visit immediately preceding the matched visit. Results. The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection before HIV infection was 11.3% in cases and 4.5% in controls (P = .002). In multivariable analysis controlling for hormonal contraception, other STIs, behavioral, and demographic factors, the adjusted odds ratio for HIV acquisition was 2.74 (95% confidence interval, 1.25-6.00) for T. vaginalis-positive cases. The presence of behavioral risk factors for HIV infection, study recruitment from a referral population at high-risk for HIV, primary sex partner-associated risk for HIV infection, and herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositivity were also predictive of incident HIV infection. Conclusions. T. vaginalis infection is strongly associated with an increased risk for HIV infection in this general population of African women. Given the high prevalence of T. vaginalis infection in HIV-endemic areas, T. vaginalis control may have a substantial impact on preventing HIV acquisition among women. © 2008 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
van der Pol, Barbara J.
United States, Indianapolis
Indiana University-purdue University Indianapolis
United States, Indianapolis
Marion County Health Department
Kwok, Cynthia
United States, Durham
Fhi 360
Pierre-Louis, Bosny
United States, Durham
Fhi 360
Rinaldi, Anne
United States, Durham
Fhi 360
Salata, Robert A.
United States, Cleveland
Case Western Reserve University
Chen, Pai Lien
United States, Durham
Fhi 360
van de Wijgert, Janneke H.H.M.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Mmiro, Francis A.
Uganda, Kampala
Makerere University
Mugerwa, Roy D.
Uganda, Kampala
Makerere University
Chipato, Tsungai
Zimbabwe, Harare
Godfrey Huggins School of Medicine
Morrison, Charles S.
United States, Durham
Fhi 360
Statistics
Citations: 314
Authors: 11
Affiliations: 7
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1086/526496
ISSN:
00221899
Research Areas
Genetics And Genomics
Infectious Diseases
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study
Case-Control Study
Study Approach
Quantitative
Study Locations
Uganda
Zimbabwe
Participants Gender
Female