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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Adolescents and Young Adults: The Pediatrician's Role in HIV Testing and Pre- and Postexposure HIV Prophylaxis
Pediatrics, Volume 149, No. 1, Article e2021055207, Year 2022
Notification
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Description
Most sexually active youth in the United States do not believe that they are at risk for contracting HIV and have never been tested. Creating safe environments that promote confidentiality and respect, obtaining an accurate sexual and reproductive health assessment, and providing nonstigmatizing risk counseling are key components of any youth encounters. Pediatricians can play a key role in preventing and controlling HIV infection by promoting risk-reduction counseling and offering routine HIV testing and prophylaxis to adolescent and young adult (youth) patients. In light of persistently high numbers of people living with HIV in the United States and documented missed opportunities for HIV testing, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Preventive Services Task Force recommend universal and routine HIV screening among US populations, including youth. Recent advances in HIV diagnostics, treatment, and prevention help support this recommendation. This clinical report reviews epidemiological data and recommends that routine HIV screening be offered to all youth 15 years or older, at least once, in health care settings. After initial screening, youth at increased risk, including those who are sexually active, should be rescreened at least annually, and potentially as frequently as every 3 to 6 months if at high risk (male youth reporting male sexual contact, active injection drug users, transgender youth; youth having sexual partners who are HIV-infected, of both genders, or injection drug users; youth exchanging sex for drugs or money; or youth who have had a diagnosis of or have requested testing for other sexually transmitted infections). Youth at substantial risk for HIV acquisition should be routinely offered HIV preexposure prophylaxis, and HIV postexposure prophylaxis is also indicated after high-risk exposures. This clinical report also addresses consent, confidentiality, and coverage issues that pediatricians face in promoting routine HIV testing and HIV prophylaxis for their patients. Copyright © 2022 by the American Academy of Pediatrics
Authors & Co-Authors
Hsu, Katherine Kai Chi
United States, Boston
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
United States, Boston
Boston University Medical Center
Rakhmanina, Natella Yurievna
United States, Washington, D.c.
Childrens National Health System
United States, Washington, D.c.
Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric Aids Foundation
Chadwick, Ellen G.
Unknown Affiliation
Ezeanolue, Echezona Edozie
Unknown Affiliation
Rodriguez, Carina Adriana
Unknown Affiliation
Siberry, George Kelly
Unknown Affiliation
Kapogiannis, Bill G.
Unknown Affiliation
Nesheim, Steven R.
Unknown Affiliation
Kourtis, Athena P.
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 10
Authors: 9
Affiliations: 4
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1542/peds.2021-055207
ISSN:
00314005
Research Areas
Health System And Policy
Infectious Diseases
Sexual And Reproductive Health
Participants Gender
Male