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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Long-term protection against carriage of hepatitis B virus after infant vaccination
Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 193, No. 11, Year 2006
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Description
Background. Carriage of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major risk factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Infant vaccination has been effective in preventing horizontal transmission during early childhood. It is unknown whether protection is maintained into early adulthood. Methods. In 1984, early childhood vaccination was introduced in 2 rural Gambian villages. In 2003, serological assessment of 81.5% of 1350 eligible participants 1-24 years old was done, to determine vaccine efficacy against infection and carriage. Results. Overall vaccine efficacy against infection and carriage was 83.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.8%-86.6%) and 96.5% (85% CI, 93.9%-98.9%), respectively. Vaccine efficacy against infection was similar when restricted to primary responders (85.3%), but a significant effect of peak antibody concentration was found. Both vaccine efficacy and levels of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) decreased with age, resulting in a vaccine efficacy against infection and carriage among 20-24-year-old participants of 70.9% (95% CI, 60.4%-80.5%) and 91.1% (95% CI, 75.8%-100%), respectively. Fifteen years after vaccination, fewer than half of the vaccinees had detectable anti-HBs. The prevalence of carriage in the unvaccinated population was similar to the prevalence 20 years earlier. Conclusions. HBV vaccination early during life can provide long-lasting protection against carriage, despite decreasing antibody levels. The role played by subclinical boosting and the necessity of a booster need to be evaluated. © 2006 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
van der Sande, Marianne A.B.
Unknown Affiliation
Waight, Pauline A.
Unknown Affiliation
Mendy, Maimuna E.
Unknown Affiliation
Rayco-Solon, Pura
Unknown Affiliation
Hutt, P.
Unknown Affiliation
Fulford, Tony J.
Unknown Affiliation
Doherty, Conor
Unknown Affiliation
McConkey, Samuel J.
Unknown Affiliation
Jeffries, David J.
Unknown Affiliation
Hall, Andrew J.
Unknown Affiliation
Whittle, Hilton C.
Unknown Affiliation
Statistics
Citations: 129
Authors: 11
Affiliations: 6
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1086/503433
ISSN:
00221899
Research Areas
Cancer
Infectious Diseases
Maternal And Child Health
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study