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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
medicine
Unmasked tuberculosis and tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory disease: A disease spectrum after initiation of antiretroviral therapy
Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 199, No. 3, Year 2009
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Description
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has beneficial effects on mortality and lowers the incidence of diseases caused by opportunistic infections, such as tuberculosis (TB). Although ART has sustained long-term benefits, the risk of TB is high during the first 3 months after ART initiation. Among cases of ART-associated TB, we define "unmasked TB" as that which occurs in patients with reactivation disease who develop clinically recognizable TB after ART with the restoration of previously acquired TB antigen-specific functional immune responses. TB cases with clinical evidence of an inflammatory syndrome are a subset of these unmasked cases, which we define as "unmasked TB-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome." With more widespread use of ART in areas with a high prevalence of TB, unmasked TB will likely become more common. TB diagnostics with improved sensitivity and specificity are urgently needed to detect subclinical TB before it is unmasked. © 2008 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.
Authors & Co-Authors
Manabe, Yukari C.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Uganda, Kampala
School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Breen, Ronan Angus Mac Cormick
United Kingdom, London
Ucl Medical School
Perti, Tara R.
United States, Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University
Girardi, Enrico
Italy, Rome
Irccs Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani
Sterling, Timothy R.
United States, Nashville
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Statistics
Citations: 5
Authors: 5
Affiliations: 7
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1086/595985
ISSN:
00221899
Research Areas
Infectious Diseases
Study Design
Cross Sectional Study
Cohort Study