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Publication Details
AFRICAN RESEARCH NEXUS
SHINING A SPOTLIGHT ON AFRICAN RESEARCH
general
A very-high-energy component deep in the γ-ray burst afterglow
Nature, Volume 575, No. 7783, Year 2019
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Description
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are brief flashes of γ-rays and are considered to be the most energetic explosive phenomena in the Universe1. The emission from GRBs comprises a short (typically tens of seconds) and bright prompt emission, followed by a much longer afterglow phase. During the afterglow phase, the shocked outflow—produced by the interaction between the ejected matter and the circumburst medium—slows down, and a gradual decrease in brightness is observed2. GRBs typically emit most of their energy via γ-rays with energies in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt range, but a few photons with energies of tens of gigaelectronvolts have been detected by space-based instruments3. However, the origins of such high-energy (above one gigaelectronvolt) photons and the presence of very-high-energy (more than 100 gigaelectronvolts) emission have remained elusive4. Here we report observations of very-high-energy emission in the bright GRB 180720B deep in the GRB afterglow—ten hours after the end of the prompt emission phase, when the X-ray flux had already decayed by four orders of magnitude. Two possible explanations exist for the observed radiation: inverse Compton emission and synchrotron emission of ultrarelativistic electrons. Our observations show that the energy fluxes in the X-ray and γ-ray range and their photon indices remain comparable to each other throughout the afterglow. This discovery places distinct constraints on the GRB environment for both emission mechanisms, with the inverse Compton explanation alleviating the particle energy requirements for the emission observed at late times. The late timing of this detection has consequences for the future observations of GRBs at the highest energies. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
Authors & Co-Authors
Abdalla, Hassan
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Adam, Rémi M.
France, Palaiseau
Institut Polytechnique de Paris
Aharonian, F. A.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Ireland, Dublin
Institiúid Ard-lénn Bhaile Átha Cliath
Armenia, Yerevan
Russian-armenian University
Ait Benkhali, F.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan
France, Paris
In2p3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique Des Particules
Arakawa, Masanori
Japan, Tokyo
Rikkyo University
Arcaro, Cornelia H.E.
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Armand, Céline
France, Chambery
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
Ashkar, Halim
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Backes, Michael
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Namibia, Windhoek
University of Namibia
Barbosa-Martins, V.
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
Barnard, Monica A.
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Becherini, Yvonne
Sweden, Vaxjo
Linnaeus University, Växjö
Berge, David
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
Bernlöhr, Konrad
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Bissaldi, Elisabetta
Italy, Bari
Politecnico Di Bari
Italy, Bari
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Di Bari
Blackwell, Rebecca
Australia, Adelaide
The University of Adelaide
Boettcher, M.
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Boisson, Catherine
France, Paris
Université Psl
Bolmont, Julien
France, Paris
Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies
Bonnefoy, Simon
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
Bregeon, Johan
France, Montpellier
Université de Montpellier
Breuhaus, Mischa
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Brun, François
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Brun, Pierre
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Bryan, Marta L.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Büchele, Matthias
Germany, Erlangen
Friedrich-alexander-universität Erlangen-nürnberg
Bulk, Tomasz
Poland, Warsaw
University of Warsaw
Bylund, Tomas
Sweden, Vaxjo
Linnaeus University, Växjö
Capasso, Massimo
Germany, Tubingen
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
Caroff, Sami
France, Paris
Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies
Carosi, Alessandro
France, Chambery
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
Casanova, Sabrina
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Poland, Krakow
Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Cerruti, Matteo
France, Paris
Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies
Spain, Barcelona
Instituto de Estudios Espaciales de Cataluña
Chand, Tej
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Chandra, Sunil
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Chen, Andrew W.
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Colafrancesco, Sergio
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Curyło, Małgorzata
Poland, Warsaw
University of Warsaw
Davids, Isak Delberth
Namibia, Windhoek
University of Namibia
Deil, Christoph
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Devin, Justine
France, Paris
In2p3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique Des Particules
DeWilt, P.
Australia, Adelaide
The University of Adelaide
Dirson, Ludmilla
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Djannati-Ataï, Arache
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Dmytriiev, Anton
France, Paris
Université Psl
Donath, Axel
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Doroshenko, V. T.
Germany, Tubingen
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
Dyks, Jarosław
Poland, Warszawa
Polish Academy of Sciences
Egberts, Kathrin
Germany, Potsdam
Universität Potsdam
Emery, Gabriel
France, Paris
Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies
Ernenwein, Jean Pierre
France, Paris
In2p3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique Des Particules
Eschbach, Stefan
Germany, Erlangen
Friedrich-alexander-universität Erlangen-nürnberg
Feijen, K.
Australia, Adelaide
The University of Adelaide
Fegan, Stephen J.
France, Palaiseau
Institut Polytechnique de Paris
Fiasson, Armand
France, Chambery
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
Fontaine, Gérard
France, Palaiseau
Institut Polytechnique de Paris
Funk, Stefan
Germany, Erlangen
Friedrich-alexander-universität Erlangen-nürnberg
Füssling, Matthias
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
Gabici, Stefano
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Gallant, Yves A.
France, Montpellier
Université de Montpellier
Gaté, Florian
France, Chambery
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
Giavitto, Gianluca
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
Giunti, Luca
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Glawion, Dorit Eisenacher
Germany, Heidelberg
Universität Heidelberg
Glicenstein, Jean François
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Gottschall, Daniel
Germany, Tubingen
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
Grondin, Marie Hélène
France, Paris
In2p3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique Des Particules
Hahn, Joachim
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Haupt, Maria
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
Heinzelmann, Götz
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Henri, Gilles
France, Saint Martin D'heres
Institut de Planétologie et D’astrophysique de Grenoble Ipag
Hermann, German
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Hinton, James A.J.A.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Hofmann, Werner
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Hoischen, Clemens
Germany, Potsdam
Universität Potsdam
Holch, T. L.
Germany, Berlin
Humboldt-universität zu Berlin
Holler, Markus
Austria, Innsbruck
Universität Innsbruck
Horns, Dieter
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Huber, David
Austria, Innsbruck
Universität Innsbruck
Iwasaki, Hiroyoshi
Japan, Tokyo
Rikkyo University
Jamrozy, Marek
Poland, Krakow
Uniwersytet Jagielloński
Jankowsky, David
Germany, Erlangen
Friedrich-alexander-universität Erlangen-nürnberg
Jankowsky, Felix
Germany, Heidelberg
Universität Heidelberg
Jardin-Blicq, Armelle
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Jung-Richardt, Ira V.
Germany, Erlangen
Friedrich-alexander-universität Erlangen-nürnberg
Kastendieck, Max Anton
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Katarzyński, Krzysztof
Poland, Torun
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
Katsuragawa, Miho
Japan, Tokyo
The University of Tokyo
Katz, Ulrich F.
Germany, Erlangen
Friedrich-alexander-universität Erlangen-nürnberg
Khangulyan, D.
Japan, Tokyo
Rikkyo University
Khélifi, Bruno
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
King, Johannes
Germany, Heidelberg
Universität Heidelberg
Klepser, Stefan
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
Klužniak, Wlodzimierz
Poland, Warszawa
Polish Academy of Sciences
Komin, Nukri
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Kosack, Karl
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Kostunin, Dmitriy G.
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
Kreter, Michael
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Lamanna, Giovanni
France, Chambery
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
Lemière, Anne
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Lemoine-Goumard, Marianne
France, Paris
In2p3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique Des Particules
Lenain, Jean Philippe
France, Paris
Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies
Lohse, Thomas
Germany, Berlin
Humboldt-universität zu Berlin
Lypova, Iryna
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
MacKey, Jonathan
Ireland, Dublin
Institiúid Ard-lénn Bhaile Átha Cliath
Majumdar, Jhilik
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
Malyshev, Denys
Germany, Tubingen
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
Marandon, Vincent
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Marcowith, Alexandre
France, Montpellier
Université de Montpellier
Mares, Arnaud
France, Paris
In2p3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique Des Particules
Martí.-Devesa, G.
Austria, Innsbruck
Universität Innsbruck
Marx, Ramin
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Maurin, Guillaume T.
France, Chambery
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
Meintjes, Pieter J.
South Africa, Bloemfontein
University of the Free State
Mitchell, Alison M.W.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Switzerland, Zurich
Universität Zürich
Moderski, Rafaƚ
Poland, Warszawa
Polish Academy of Sciences
Mohamed, Mahmoud
Germany, Heidelberg
Universität Heidelberg
Mohrmann, Lars
Germany, Erlangen
Friedrich-alexander-universität Erlangen-nürnberg
Moore, Christopher J.
United Kingdom, Leicester
University of Leicester
Moulin, E.
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Muller, Jacques
France, Palaiseau
Institut Polytechnique de Paris
Murach, Thomas
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
de Naurois, Mathieu
France, Palaiseau
Institut Polytechnique de Paris
Ndiyavala, Hambeleleni
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Niemiec, Jacek
Poland, Krakow
Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences
O'Brien, Paul T.
United Kingdom, Leicester
University of Leicester
Ohm, Stefan
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
De Oña Wilhelmi, Emma
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
Ostrowski, Michałl
Poland, Krakow
Uniwersytet Jagielloński
Oya, Igor
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
Panter, M.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Parsons, Robert Daniel
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Petrucci, Pierre Olivier
France, Saint Martin D'heres
Institut de Planétologie et D’astrophysique de Grenoble Ipag
Pita, Santiago
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Poireau, Vincent
France, Chambery
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
Priyana Noel, A.
Poland, Krakow
Uniwersytet Jagielloński
Prokhorov, Dmitry A.
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Prokoph, Heike
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
Pühlhofer, Gerd
Germany, Tubingen
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
Punch, Michael
Sweden, Vaxjo
Linnaeus University, Växjö
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Quirrenbach, Andreas
Germany, Heidelberg
Universität Heidelberg
Reimer, Anita
Austria, Innsbruck
Universität Innsbruck
Reimer, Olaf
Austria, Innsbruck
Universität Innsbruck
Renaud, Matthieu
France, Montpellier
Université de Montpellier
Rieger, Frank M.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Rowell, Gavin P.
Australia, Adelaide
The University of Adelaide
Rudak, Bronisław
Poland, Warszawa
Polish Academy of Sciences
Sahakian, Vardan H.
Armenia, Yerevan
Yerevan Physics Institute
Sánchez, David A.
France, Chambery
Université Savoie Mont Blanc
Santangelo, Andrea E.
Germany, Tubingen
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
Sasaki, Manami
Germany, Erlangen
Friedrich-alexander-universität Erlangen-nürnberg
Schüssler, Fabian
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Schutte, Hester M.
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Schwanke, Ullrich
Germany, Berlin
Humboldt-universität zu Berlin
Seyffert, Albertus S.
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Shafi, Nebiha
South Africa, Johannesburg
University of the Witwatersrand
Shiningayamwe, K.
Namibia, Windhoek
University of Namibia
Sinha, Atreyee
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Sol, Hélène
France, Paris
Université Psl
Stawarz, Łukasz
Poland, Krakow
Uniwersytet Jagielloński
Steenkamp, R.
Namibia, Windhoek
University of Namibia
Stegmann, Christian
Germany, Hamburg
Deutsches Elektronen-synchrotron Desy
Germany, Potsdam
Universität Potsdam
Steppa, Constantin
Germany, Potsdam
Universität Potsdam
Takahashi, Tadayuki
Japan, Tokyo
The University of Tokyo
Terrier, Régis
France, Gif-sur-yvette
Commissariat a L'energie Atomique et Aux Energies Alternatives
Tluczykont, Martin
Germany, Hamburg
Universität Hamburg
Tuffs, Richard J.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Uchiyama, Yasunobu
Japan, Tokyo
Rikkyo University
van der Walt, D. J.
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Van Eldik, Christopher
Germany, Erlangen
Friedrich-alexander-universität Erlangen-nürnberg
van Rensburg, Carlo
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
van Soelen, Brian V.A.N.
South Africa, Bloemfontein
University of the Free State
Vasileiadis, Georges
France, Montpellier
Université de Montpellier
Venter, Christo
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Vincent, P.
France, Paris
Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies
Vink, Jacco S.
Netherlands, Amsterdam
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Völk, Heinrich J.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Wadiasingh, Zorawar
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Wagner, Stefan J.
Germany, Heidelberg
Universität Heidelberg
White, Richard J.
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Wierzcholska, Alicja
Poland, Krakow
Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Germany, Heidelberg
Universität Heidelberg
Yang, Ruizhi
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Zacharias, Michael
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
Zanin, Roberta
Germany, Heidelberg
Max-planck-institut Für Kernphysik
Zdziarski, Andrzej A.
Poland, Warszawa
Polish Academy of Sciences
Zech, Andreas
France, Paris
Université Psl
Z̀ywucka, Natalia
South Africa, Potchefstroom
North-west University
de Palma, Francesco
Italy, Turin
Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Di Torino
Axelsson, Magnus
Sweden, Stockholm
Oskar Klein Centre
Sweden, Stockholm
The Royal Institute of Technology Kth
Roberts, Oliver J.
United States, Huntsville
Huntsville Program Office
Statistics
Citations: 175
Authors: 191
Affiliations: 45
Identifiers
Doi:
10.1038/s41586-019-1743-9
ISSN:
00280836
Research Areas
Cancer
Environmental